Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
There is long-standing interest in the interactions between atmospheric and hydrological processes and solid Earth deformation, including the occurrence of earthquakes. Here, we review evidence for the effects of climatic processes and weather on deformation and seismicity in the lithosphere over a wide range of time scales, ranging from load cycles associated with the ice ages to the effects of [...]
Particulate nitrate photolysis as a possible driver of rising tropospheric ozone
Published: 2023-10-20
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
Tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas whose anthropogenic production is limited principally by the supply of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion. Tropospheric ozone in the northern hemisphere has been rising despite the flattening of NOx emissions in recent decades. Here we propose that this sustained increase could result from the photolysis of nitrate particles (pNO3-) [...]
The ‘hidden story’ in simulating reflected radiance by wind-roughened sea surface: Mobley’s 1999 paper on simulation of Rrs measurements via the above-surface approach
Published: 2023-10-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs, in sr-1) is defined as the ratio of water-leaving radiance (Lw) to downwelling irradiance just above the water surface (Es). To measure Rrs, the above-water approach (AWA) is a widely adopted scheme in the past decades. In addition to the measurement of Es, AWA also involves measurements of upwelling radiance above the surface (Lt) and downwelling sky radiance [...]
Coral geochemical response to uplift in the aftermath of the 2005 Nias-Simeulue earthquake
Published: 2023-10-07
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Tectonics and Structure
On 28 March 2005, the Indonesian islands of Nias and Simeulue experienced a powerful Mw 8.6 earthquake and widespread co-seismic uplift and subsidence. In areas of coastal uplift (up to ~2.8 m), fringing reef coral communities were killed by exposure, while deeper corals that survived were subjected to habitats with altered runoff, sediment and nutrient regimes. Here we present time-series [...]
Progression of the surge in the Negribreen Glacier System from two years of ICESat-2 measurements
Published: 2023-10-08
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The unique measurement capabilities of ICESat-2 allow high spatiotemporal resolution of complex ice-dynamic processes that occur during a surge. Detailed and precise mapping of height changes on surge glaciers has previously escaped observations from space due to limited resolution of space-borne altimeter data and the surface characteristics of glaciers during surge such as heavy crevassing. [...]
Rano Kao & Ava Ranga Uka: Rapa Nui Report 2014
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies
29 March 2014 Objective: Sampling and testing Rano Kao water depth, evaporation and volume. Compare with previous results from 2005, 2008 and 2014 coring expeditions and detect the rate of change in lake water evaporation as compared to Global Meteoric Water Line.
Field Report No. 2 - Tabor Tree Project: Citizen Scientists Training
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Adult and Continuing Education, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Outdoor Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
“NASA’s citizen science projects are collaborations between scientists and interested members of the public. Through these collaborations, volunteers (known as citizen scientists) have helped make thou- sands of important scientific discoveries.” (NASA) In January 2021, using the GLOBE Observer app, the Mt. Tabor community joined this global network of scientists, students, teachers, hikers, and [...]
Field Report No. 3 - Tabor Tree Project Summary Report 2021
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Adult and Continuing Education, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Outdoor Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
“The Friends of Mt. Tabor Park (FMTP) was organized as a non-profit group* in 2000. Our pur- pose is to improve and help maintain Mt. Tabor Park for the benefit of individuals, organizations and the Park Bureau; to identify and help solve problems; and to participate in park planning projects.”(FMTP) During the winter of 2021 with covid closures of the Visitor Center, Tree Medicine hikes were [...]
The influence of fluid inclusions, organics, and calcite fabric on trace element distributions in stalagmites
Published: 2023-10-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Growing stalagmites entrap water and organic molecules while incorporating trace elements in diverse crystallographic fabrics. However, the interrelationships between crystal defects, fluid inclusions, organic carbon incorporation, and trace element incorporation in stalagmites remain poorly constrained. Here we use for the first time Fourier Transformation Infrared Focal-Plane Array (FTIR-FPA) [...]
Site selection of desert solar farms based on heterogeneous sand flux
Published: 2023-10-09
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geomorphology, Risk Analysis
Site selection for building solar farms in deserts is crucial and must consider the dune threats associated with sand flux, such as sand burial and dust contamination. Understanding the changes in sand flux can optimize the site selection of desert solar farms. Here we use the ERA5-Land hourly wind data with 0.1°×0.1° resolution to calculate the yearly sand flux from 1950 to 2022. The mean of [...]
Reply to: Beyond microbial carbon use efficiency
Published: 2023-10-20
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences
In their commentary, Xiao et al. cautioned that the conclusions on the critical role of microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) in global soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in a paper by Tao et al. (2023) might be too simplistic. They claimed that Tao et al.’s study lacked mechanistic consideration of SOC formation and excluded important datasets. Xiao et al. brought up important points, which can [...]
Superplastic deformation inside the knife-sharp shear bands in mid-crustal granites
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Education
We examined the microstructures of three ductile shear bands of granitic composition that deformed under mid-to-upper greenschist facies. These shear bands, from the Bundelkhand Craton, India, are 0.8-4.4 mm thick with 20-30 microns median grain sizes and share sharp contacts with the host granite. Comminution of the rheologically stronger feldspars increased permeability, promoted fluid influx, [...]
Knowledge co-production for identifying sustainability indicators and prioritising solutions for food and land system transformation in Australia.
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The sustainable transformation of food and land systems requires the rapid implementation and scaling up of a broad suite of solutions to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Decision-making frameworks are needed to identify suitable indicators and prioritise solutions at national scales. Using a knowledge co-production framework, we convened 150 stakeholders from 100+ organisations to [...]
The Heavy Mineral Map of Australia Project: A Novel, Rapid, Automated Quantitative Mineralogy Workflow
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Heavy Mineral Map of Australia (HMMA) is the world’s first project aiming to define a continental heavy mineral baseline. It utilises a novel sample processing workflow and automated mineralogy techniques to rapidly generate and analyse mineralogical data from 1315 archived samples of catchment outlet sediments collected from 1186 catchments across the Australian continent. Heavy [...]
Microbial catabolic and anabolic utilization of hydrocarbons in deep subseafloor sediments of Guaymas Basin
Published: 2023-10-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Guaymas Basin, located off the Gulf of California, is a hydrothermally active marginal basin. Due to steep geothermal gradients and localized heating by sill intrusions, microbial substrates like short-chain fatty acids and hydrocarbons are abiotically produced from sedimentary organic matter at comparatively shallow depths. However, the potential of hydrocarbons as microbial substrates for both [...]