Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
State-dependency of dynamic and thermodynamic contributions to effective precipitation changes
Published: 2024-06-26
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Reliable projections of the future hydrological cycle are needed for designing adaptation and mitigation measures under global warming. However, uncertainties in the projected sign and magnitude of effective precipitation changes (precipitation minus evaporation, P-E) remain high. Here, we examine the state-dependency of circulation, temperature, and relative humidity contributions to P-E changes [...]
Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Modeling of Geothermal Energy Systems in Deep Mines: Uncertainty Quantification and Design Optimization
Published: 2024-06-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Exploiting geothermal energy using existing deep mining systems streamlines the development of geothermal systems while addressing the cooling needs of deep mines. However, the combined effects of low-temperature and high-pressure injection during geothermal operations adversely impact the stability of deep mine drifts. This makes it crucial to reliably assess the stability of the drifts and [...]
Regionally Developed Giant Sand Injection Complexes in the Northern North Sea
Published: 2024-06-26
Subjects: Education
The Northern North Sea (NNS) is an archetype Giant Injected Sand Province (GISP). Previous studies have documented individual stratigraphically-bound injectite complexes in the North Sea and beyond. Despite two decades of continuous studies, there are still speculations in terms of parent sand identification, visible pathways, fluid source, overpressure generation mechanisms and triggers. This [...]
How Should Multiple Temperature Time Series be Compared on Graphs?
Published: 2024-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
How temperature biases in both climate models and observations are adjusted in order to make comparisons of climate change signals has been seldom discussed, yet the choice of adjustment method has a large impact on the resulting conclusions. When the primary interest is how global warming evolves through time, how the models’ diagnosed equilibrium climate sensitivities (ECS) correlate with [...]
Win, lose, or draw: evaluating dynamic thermal niches of northeast Pacific groundfish
Published: 2024-06-27
Subjects: Marine Biology
Understanding the dynamic relationship between marine species and their changing environments is critical for ecosystem based management, particularly as coastal ecosystems experience rapid change (e.g., general warming, marine heat waves). In this paper, we present a novel statistical approach to robustly estimate and track the thermal niches of 30 marine fishes along the west coast of North [...]
A Range of Management Strategies for Planted Pine Systems Yields Net Climate Benefits
Published: 2024-06-29
Subjects: Forest Sciences
Managed forests, including plantation systems, play a vital and often underappreciated role in contributing to the global carbon sink and mitigating climate change, and determining the most effective mitigation strategies requires accounting methods that accurately assess the climate effects of forests. We use a dynamic life cycle assessment methodology to compare the climate effects of [...]
Dynamic Rupture Modeling in a Complex Fault Zone with Distributed and Localized Damage
Published: 2024-06-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Active fault zones have complex structural and geometric features that are expected to affect earthquake nucleation, rupture propagation with shear and volumetric deformation, and arrest. Earthquakes, in turn, dynamically activate co-seismic off-fault damage that may be both distributed and localized, affecting fault zone geometry and rheology, and further influencing post-seismic deformation and [...]
Mantle avalanches in a Venus-like stagnant lid planet
Published: 2024-06-28
Subjects: Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Mineral Physics, Planetary Sciences
Stagnant lid planets are characterized by a globe-encircling, conducting lid that is thick and strong, which leads to reduced global surface heat flows. Consequently, the mantles of such planets can have warmer interiors than Earth, and interestingly, a pyrolitic mantle composition under warmer conditions is predicted to have a distinctly different mantle transition zone compared to the [...]
GeONet: Geometry-Encoded Operator Network for Predicting Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Published: 2026-10-15
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rapid prediction of pressure-driven flow in microfluidic porous-media analogs is important for experimental design, tracer-test interpretation, and real-time digital-twin development for subsurface energy and critical mineral science applications. High-fidelity numerical simulators resolve geometry-controlled flow in heterogeneous pore networks, but their computational cost limits repeated [...]
Exploration of Climate Data and Temperature Forecasting using Machine Learning
Published: 2024-06-28
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this short communication, a concept has been presented to model geographical data to predict future temperature of Tabuk, region. Machine learning has been applied to the weather station data to develop a prediction model. The preliminary results are promising and encouraging and are envisaging to further this research towards the determination of unknown temperature rise in the region. This [...]
Food trade disruption after global catastrophes
Published: 2024-06-29
Subjects: Agriculture, Human Geography, International and Area Studies, Nature and Society Relations, Other Geography
The global food trade system is resilient to minor disruptions but vulnerable to major ones. Major shocks can arise from global catastrophic risks, such as abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (e.g., nuclear war) or global catastrophic infrastructure loss (e.g., due to severe geomagnetic storms or a global pandemic). We use a network model to examine how these two scenarios could impact global [...]
A global open-source dataset of monthly irrigated and rainfed cropped areas (MIRCA-OS) for the 21st century
Published: 2024-07-01
Subjects: Agriculture
Crop production is among the most extensive human activities on the planet – with critical importance for global food security, land use, environmental burden, and climate. Yet despite the key role that croplands play in global land use and Earth systems, there remains little understanding of how spatial patterns of global crop cultivation have recently evolved and which crops have contributed [...]
Littoral activity in the lava deltas of 2021 eruption on Cumbre Vieja Volcanic Rift, La Palma (Canary Islands): constraints on explosive water-magma interaction
Published: 2024-07-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Tephra jets are a characteristic explosive phenomenon of lava deltas built by pāhoehoe or ‘a‘ā lava flows. Field observations made during the growth of the 2021 South Lava Delta (La Palma island), emplaced under a 100–150 m high marine cliff, show tephra jets driven by penetration of seawater through the external lava breccia into the interior of ‘a‘ā lava flows entering the ocean. However, this [...]
Micro-Scale Mapping of Soil Organic Carbon: The Potential of Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy
Published: 2024-07-04
Subjects: Agriculture, Environmental Sciences, Soil Science
Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial role in soil fertility, productivity, and global carbon cycling. However, the mechanisms governing SOC persistence and turnover are not fully understood, hindering effective carbon management strategies. Especially limiting are challenges to visualize and characterize spatial distribution patterns of SOC within the intact soil. This study presents a novel [...]
Probability of Detection and Multi-Sensor Persistence of Methane Emissions from Coincident Airborne and Satellite Observations
Published: 2024-07-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Satellites are becoming a widely used measurement tool for methane detection and quantification. The landscape of satellite instruments with some methane point-source quantification capabilities is growing. Combining information across available sensor platforms could be pivotal for understanding trends and uncertainties in source-level emissions. However, to effectively combine information [...]