Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Contrasting elevation-dependent warming and snowfall changes in the Karakoram and Central Himalaya
Published: 2026-10-15
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
High Mountain Asia shows strong regional differences in climate and glacier change, yet how future warming and precipitation responses vary with elevation remains unclear. Here, we examine elevation-dependent changes in near-surface temperature, snowfall fraction, snowfall amount and rain–snow transition elevations across glacier-containing grid cells of the Karakoram–Himalaya. We analyse a [...]
Increasingly seasonal jet stream raises risk of co-occurring flooding and extreme wind in Great Britain
Published: 2024-07-03
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Hydrology, Multivariate Analysis
Insurers and risk managers for critical infrastructure such as transport or power networks typically do not account for flooding and extreme winds happening at the same time in their quantitative risk assessments. We explore this potentially critical underestimation of risk from these co-occurring hazards through studying events using the regional 12 km resolution UK Climate Projections for a [...]
Mechanisms for upstream migration of firn aquifer drainage: preliminary observations of Helheim Glacier, Greenland
Published: 2024-07-03
Subjects: Glaciology
Surface meltwater can influence subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics if it reaches the ice sheet’s base. Firn aquifers store meltwater and drain into wide crevasses marking the aquifer’s downstream boundary, indicating water from firn aquifers drives hydrofracture to establish the upglacier-most surface-to-bed hydraulic connections. Yet, sparse observations limit our understanding of the [...]
Benefits of the Sentinel-2 mission triplet constellation in 2025
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Life Sciences
With the first-year extension of Copernicus Sentinel-2A satellite operations nearing its end, an evaluation of its added-value is urgently needed. Here, we show that despite reduced spatio temporal coverage, the additional Sentinel-2A acquisitions in 2025 enhanced the number of usable Sentinel-2 observations over Europe for the March-December period by almost 34%, and at the global scale by more [...]
Counting currents: resolving contradictory records of eruption history created by unsteady pyroclastic density current dynamics
Published: 2024-07-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ignimbrite lithofacies analysis can be used to interpret the number and behaviour of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) generated during a Plinian eruption, through identification of flow units in the rock record. However, pyroclastic stratigraphic successions are rarely complete and without breaks around a volcano, complicating regional analysis of hiatus markers. This study uses entrachron [...]
Building quantitative skills with a simplified physical model of coastal storm deposition
Published: 2024-07-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Educational Methods, Geomorphology, Higher Education, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
This article describes an exercise for a physical laboratory experiment designed to enable physical geography students to practice transferrable quantitative skills through inquiry-based learning. The exercise is a deliberately simplified physical model of storm-driven coastal overwash typical of low-lying coastal barrier systems. The experiment can be trialled in anything from a baking pan or [...]
Uranium-series isotopes as tracers of physical and chemical weathering in glacial sediments from Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Published: 2024-07-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Glaciology, Soil Science
The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica formed by extensive glacial erosion, yet currently exhibit hyperarid polar conditions characterized by limited chemical and physical weathering. Efficient chemical weathering occurs when moisture is available, and polythermal subglacial conditions may accommodate ongoing mechanical weathering and valley incision. Taylor Valley hosts several Pleistocene [...]
Excitable Dynamics of Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic Atmospheric and Ocean Oxygen
Published: 2024-07-05
Subjects: Biogeochemistry
The geochemical carbon isotope and redox proxy record indicates that Earth’s surface oxygenation involved a prolonged period of extreme variability in atmospheric and oceanic oxygen, spanning from the early Neoproterozoic to the early Paleozoic. This variability has been linked to external tectonic and evolutionary forcings, as well as to internal nonlinear feedbacks related to the [...]
HydroSignal: Open-Source Internet of Things Information Communication Platform for Hydrological Education and Outreach
Published: 2024-07-16
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering Education, Environmental Engineering
This paper introduces HydroSignal, a low-cost, open-source platform designed to transform environmental monitoring and hydrological data visualization, making it accessible to educators, students, and the general public. By integrating internet of things (IoT) technology with a user-friendly web interface, HydroSignal enables real-time data acquisition and visualization of key hydrological [...]
Interplay of slow-slip faults beneath Mexico City induces intense seismicity over months
Published: 2024-07-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In February 2023, a long seismic sequence began in western Mexico City causing widespread panic and some damage to housing infrastructure. On May 11 and December 14, two Mw3.2 mainshocks occurred at less than 700 m depth. Unprecedented satellite interferograms captured tectonic deformations in the two epicentral zones during the days surrounding the earthquakes. Data analysis revealed extended [...]
Evaluating the Flood Vulnerability of Urban Areas in Polk County, Iowa using Social-Ecological-Technological Framework
Published: 2024-07-08
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Risk Analysis
The escalating prominence of floods globally, with their catastrophic potential to inflict substantial losses in terms of both human lives and economic resources, underscores their significance. Particularly susceptible to flooding between May and July, the US Midwest faces heightened risks during this critical period, characterized by the highest average precipitation rates of the year. Flood [...]
Satellite survey sheds new light on global solid waste methane emissions
Published: 2024-07-09
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Anthropogenic methane emissions are the second most important contributor to climate change, and their rapid reductions could help decrease near-term warming. Solid waste emits methane through the decay of organic material, which amounts to about 10% of total anthropogenic methane emissions. Satellite instruments enable monitoring of strong methane hotspots, including many strongly emitting urban [...]
A non-equilibrium slurry model for planetary cores with application to Earth’s F-layer
Published: 2024-07-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics
Slurry regions may exist in the cores of several terrestrial bodies and are expected to influence the dynamics of deep planetary interiors and the viability of maintaining global magnetic fields. Here we develop a two-component slurry model of the lowermost outer core of the Earth (the F-layer). In contrast to most previous models of slurries in planetary cores, we explicitly model the [...]
Climate equivalence metrics for airline contrail mitigation
Published: 2024-07-10
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Studies, Sustainability
The aviation sector faces a significant challenge in mitigating climate change due to the dual impact of CO2 emissions and contrail formation. Contrails, which form under specific atmospheric conditions, contribute to global warming. Mitigating contrails, however, can require flight path diversions, leading to increased fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. This study evaluates various climate [...]
Pre-Cordilleran mantle metasomatism preserved in alkali basalts of Isla Isabel, México
Published: 2024-07-10
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology
The presence of HIMU (high-238U/204Pb) signatures in ocean island basalts has long been used to argue that ancient oceanic crust has been tectonically recycled into the mantle sources of plume-derived volcanic hotspots such as St. Helena or Mangaia. However, alternative hypotheses regarding the origins of HIMU signatures have also been put forward. This paper addresses the origins of HIMU-like Pb [...]