Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Global Rice Paddy Inventory (GRPI): a high-resolution inventory of methane emissions from rice agriculture based on Landsat satellite inundation data
Published: 2024-10-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rice agriculture is a major source of atmospheric methane, but current emission inventories are highly uncertain, mostly due to poor rice-specific inundation data. Inversions of atmospheric methane observations can help to better quantify rice emissions but require high-resolution prior information on the location and timing of emissions. Here we use Landsat satellite data at 30 m resolution to [...]
EasyMP™: Diverse and environmentally relevant microplastic reference materials encompassing fragments and fibers
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The field of microplastic (MP) research has expanded significantly since the terminology’s inception in 2004. Despite the exponential increase in studies, the availability of environmentally relevant MP reference materials (RMs) remains limited, and no certified MP RMs exist. This study addresses the need for diverse RMs by presenting data on MP RMs of fragments (10-100 µm) and fibers (50-1000 [...]
Unearthed from old soils: New records of Antarctic tardigrades, nematodes, and rotifers in the Prince Charles Mountains based on partial sequences of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Biodiversity, Life Sciences
Despite only 0.3% of Antarctica being ice-free, those areas harbor diverse small organisms such as tardigrades, nematodes, and rotifers. The habitats of these cryptic organisms face threats from human activity, climate change, and pollution. Biodiversity surveys are essential for managing their protection and such surveys have been proven well possible in Antarctica using environmental DNA (eDNA) [...]
Understanding the Li resource of granite hosted geothermal brines using near surface measurements
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
Unprecedented demand for lithium (Li) is being driven by its use in electric vehicle batteries. Currently, the majority of Li comes from pegmatite mining and salar brines, however, new sources such as geothermal brines will be required to meet future demand. The North Pennines, Northern England has been found to host brines with lithium concentrations exceeding 90 mg/L at depths of 411 to 996 m. [...]
The East Australian Potassic Suite: Petrology, Bulk Chemistry, and Origin
Published: 2025-03-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Volcanology
The Eastern Australian Potassic Suite (EAPS) is an alkaline volcanic province made up of over 20 widely dispersed outcrops that extend almost 700 km, inferred to form the southern portion of the Cosgrove continental hotspot track. In contrast to the large basaltic volcanic complexes to the east and north, the EAPS occurs exclusively as mafic potassium–rich occurrences with inferred low–volume [...]
deeptime: an R package that facilitates highly customizable and reproducible visualizations of data over geological time intervals
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Stratigraphy
Data visualization is a key component of any scientific data analysis workflow and is vital for the summarization and dissemination of complex ideas and results. One common hurdle across the Geosciences and other scientific fields remains the reproducibility of many types of visualizations of data over long time intervals (104+ years). Here I introduce the R package deeptime, which provides [...]
Phanerozoic thermochronology record of Afro-Arabia through space and time
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Low-temperature thermochronology has been widely used in eastern Africa and Arabia (Afro-Arabia) to investigate the long-term thermal evolution of the crust in response to Phanerozoic tectonism. Yet, utilisation of this invaluable thermochronology record to inform numerical investigations into the long-term tectonothermal, geodynamic and landscape evolution of the region has been limited by the [...]
Rising Temperatures Increase Risk of Soil Salinity and Land Degradation in Water-Scarce Regions
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Soil Science, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Climate change introduces significant uncertainty when assessing the risk of soil salinity in water-scarce regions. We combine a soil-water-salinity-sodicity model (SOTE) and a weather generator model (AWE-GEN) to develop a framework for studying salinity and sodicity dynamics under changing climate definitions. Using California’s San Joaquin Valley as a case study, we perform first-order [...]
Controls on coastal saline groundwater across North America
Published: 2024-10-18
Subjects: Hydrology
Groundwater is crucial to sustaining coastal freshwater needs. About 32 million people in the coastal USA rely on groundwater as their primary water source. With rapidly growing coastal communities and increasing demands for fresh groundwater, understanding controls of continental-scale coastal groundwater salinity is critical. To investigate what hydrogeological factors (e.g., topography, [...]
The Rainy Continental Snow climate: Global comparison with 40 years of snow cover modeled in the Chic-Chocs, northeastern Appalachians mountains.
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the snow and avalanche climate of the Chic-Chocs region of the Gaspé Peninsula, located in the northeastern Appalachians of eastern Canada. The data revealed two major components of the snow climate: a cold snow cover combined with a maritime influence causing melt/ice layers through rain-on-snow events. The CRCM6-SNOWPACK model chain was good at [...]
Fluoride concentration in groundwater and relationship with the sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) Fluoride concentration in groundwater
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Groundwater is the largest freshwater reserve on the planet, and its quality plays a fundamental role in human well-being and economic development. However, it sometimes contains potentially harmful compounds, such as fluoride in high concentrations, which has led to the implementation of quality standards to ensure water potability. This study evaluates the concentrations of fluoride in [...]
Modest, not extreme, northern high latitude amplification during the Miocene shown by coccolith clumped isotopes
Published: 2024-12-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate predictions of the future climate response to CO2 depend on the ability of climate models to simulate past analog warmer climates, like the Miocene. However, one key unresolved issue in paleoclimate modeling is reproducing the pronounced high-latitude warmth and relatively flat latitudinal temperature gradients inferred from proxy records. Here, we use clumped isotope thermometry—a [...]
Building Resilient Sanitation Systems in Malawi: Pit-latrine Costs, Collapse, and Management
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Engineering
Despite widespread access to basic sanitation in Malawi, over 75% of the population lacks improved sanitation facilities. This national study investigates the resilience of pit-latrines across Malawi, focusing on the relationship between construction quality, facility lifespan, and collapse frequency. A survey of 268,000 pit-latrines revealed that high-quality latrines (lined and with a slab) [...]
DARTS: Multi-year database of AI-detected retrogressive thaw slumps in the circum-arctic permafrost region
Published: 2024-10-20
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTS) are widespread mass-wasting hillslope failures triggered by thawing permafrost. While regional studies have provided insights into the spatial distribution and dynamics of RTS, a consistent and unbiased quantification and monitoring remains unsolved at pan-arctic scales. We present the Database of AI-detected Arctic RTS footprints (DARTS), comprising ~43,000 [...]
Application of machine learning methods to forecast petrophysical properties in basalts of the Serra Geral Group: Implications for carbon storage
Published: 2024-10-22
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important technology to combat climate change, since it removes carbon dioxide emissions from major industrial sources, helping to reduce greenhouse gas concentrations while the world transitions to cleaner energy systems. In the implementation of CCS projects, petrophysical properties are crucial in determining the most suitable sites to store the CO₂. [...]