Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Spaceborne canopy height products should be complemented with airborne laser scanning data: Towards a European canopy height model
Published: 2024-12-04
Subjects: Life Sciences
Measuring and mapping vegetation structure is essential for understanding the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and for informing environmental policies. Recent years have seen a growing demand for high-resolution data on vegetation structure, driving their prediction at fine resolutions (1 m - 30 m) at state, continental, and global spatial extents by combining satellite data with machine [...]
A Millimeter-Scale Change in Leaf Litter Placement Within Soil-Water Interfaces Alters Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emission
Published: 2024-12-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Soil Science, Sustainability
Flooded soils play a critical role in global carbon cycling, serving as significant reservoirs of soil organic carbon and sources of carbon emissions. Leaf litter, particularly from local vegetation, is a major contributor to soil organic carbon formation in these ecosystems, with its decomposition driving the production of carbon dioxide and methane. While numerous studies have investigated the [...]
Smoke in your eyes: Investigating the effects of wind power on weather trends and climate using time series analysis
Published: 2024-12-04
Subjects: Climate
Time series analysis developed in the previous report [1] for UK mean summer temperature has been applied to further examples of weather trends, including temperature, rainfall and Sahara dust, and so at global, regional, national and local levels, in an attempt to assess whether wind power is having a deleterious effect on weather patterns. The analysis involves detrending weather data by [...]
Global industrial disruption following nuclear war
Published: 2024-12-05
Subjects: Agriculture, International and Area Studies, Other Geography, Risk Analysis
Nuclear war poses catastrophic risks not only through its immediate effects and potential nuclear winter, but also through the disruption of industrial production on which modern civilization depends. In this study we estimate the reduction in global industrial output following a US-Russia nuclear war, as well as a more limited India-Pakistan exchange, by combining geospatial analysis with [...]
Comprehensive global dataset of 300,000 uniformly processed shear-wave splitting measurements with regular updates
Published: 2024-12-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic anisotropy can inform us about convective flow in the mantle. Shear waves traveling through azimuthally anisotropic regions split into fast and slow pulses, and measuring the resulting shear-wave splitting provides some of the most direct insights into Earth’s interior dynamics. Shear-wave splitting is a constraint for path-averaged azimuthal anisotropy and is often studied regionally, [...]
Innovation-based Methods for Estimating Observation Error Variances During Ensemble Data Assimilation
Published: 2024-12-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Easing population to 4 billion by 2200 would help people and nature
Published: 2024-12-06
Subjects: Environmental Studies
The past century of increases in human population and resource consumption has produced some undesirable effects, ranging from environmental degradation to climate change to political unrest. We are accustomed to seeing these dependent variables charted with time on the x-axis. But this study presents metrics of biodiversity, consumption, and pollution and their extremely strong correlations when [...]
WMSAN Python Package: From Oceanic Forcing to Synthetic Cross-correlations of Microseismic Noise
Published: 2024-12-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic ambient noise spectra show ubiquitously two amplitude peaks corresponding to distinct oceanic wave interaction mechanisms called primary (T≈ 14s) and secondary (T ≈ 7s) microseismic peaks. Seismic noise records are used in a wide range of applications, including crustal monitoring, imaging of the Earth’s deep interior using noise correlations, and studies on the coupling between oceans [...]
Tracking Drought Impacts from Texts: Towards AI-Assisted Drought Impact Detection
Published: 2024-12-06
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology
Drought is recognized for its extensive and varied impacts. Based on the drought-related textual datasets from the National Drought Mitigation Center, our research applies advanced artificial intelligence techniques, including deep learning and natural language processing, to enhance the monitoring of multifaceted drought impacts in the United States. This study also delves into predicting [...]
Seismic Data Interpretation of the Rashidpur Anticline: Implications for Structural Analysis and Trapping Mechanisms
Published: 2024-12-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Rashidpur anticline, trending N-S, is a surface anticline with reverse faulting located in an area characterised by low hillocks. It is part of the youngest structural province along the western flank of the Indo-Burman Ranges, formed by the oblique subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Burmese plate. Many folds in the area are influenced by faults along their axes. Seismic transect [...]
Growing wildfire-derived PM2.5 across the contiguous U.S. and implications for air quality regulation
Published: 2024-12-09
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies
Growing wildfire activity across North America generates large amounts of smoke that can travel long distances. Characterizing the influence of this smoke on surface air quality is critical for regulation of air quality and protection of public health. Here we provide granular, daily estimates of smoke fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations across the contiguous U.S. and use them to [...]
Functional regression for space-time prediction of precipitation-induced shallow landslides in South Tyrol, Italy
Published: 2024-12-10
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Multivariate Analysis, Statistical Models
Shallow landslides are geomorphic hazards in mountainous terrains across the globe. Their occurrence can be attributed to the interplay of static and dynamic landslide controls. In previous studies, data-driven approaches have been employed to model shallow landslides on a regional scale, focusing on analyzing the spatial aspects and time-varying conditions separately. Still, the joint assessment [...]
Doing conferences differently: a decentralised multi-hub approach for ecological and social sustainability
Published: 2024-12-11
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Conferences are invaluable for career progression, offering unique opportunities for networking, collaboration, and learning. However, there are challenges associated with the traditional in-person conference format. For example, there is a significant ecological impact from attendees’ travel behaviour, and there are social inequities in conference attendance, with historically marginalised [...]
Demise of the Barra Honda carbonate shoal (Costa Rica) at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary linked to climate change and forearc tectonics
Published: 2024-12-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The latest Cretaceous(?)–Paleocene Barra Honda Formation represents one of the largest carbonate shoals (>900 km2, 350 m thick) of the convergent margin of Costa Rica. Although the mode of formation of the carbonate shoal is well understood, how environmental and tectonic factors interacted to cause its demise near the Paleocene-Eocene boundary remains poorly constrained. Stable isotopic, [...]
Challenging the turbidity current maximum run-up height paradigm
Published: 2024-12-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Turbidity currents are a primary mechanism for transporting sediments, pollutants, and organic carbon into the deep ocean. They are strongly influenced by seafloor topography because of their relative bulk density and associated gravitational influence being 3-4 orders of magnitude smaller than in terrestrial systems. Marked run-up of turbidity currents on slopes poses a hazard to seafloor [...]