Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Interpreting drinking water quality samples: understanding contamination pathways at the point of collection
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Public Health
2.2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water, with microbiological water quality the major barrier to the achievement of SDG target 6.1. Microbiological water quality is strongly influenced by environmental and hand hygiene. We demonstrate the significant contribution of contamination from hygiene at water collection point localities and at the household level to drinking water [...]
Total Phosphorus trends in Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basin Watersheds: Exploring the roles of streamflow and watershed features 2000-2020
Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Engineering
A consistent method of analyzing riverine phosphorus concentrations and load trends across subbasins of the Mississippi Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) can indicate whether and where nutrient loads and concentrations have increased or decreased over the long-term. This can help evaluate the success of federal and state nutrient reduction plans being implemented across the landscape and inform [...]
Estimate rainfall-runoff using Google Earth Engine in the Minab River Basin
Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geography
The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is a widely accepted and reliable approach for estimating rainfall-runoff relationships within a watershed. This technique is instrumental in hydrological studies, particularly for sustainable water resource management, flood control, and soil conservation. The integration of the SCS-CN method with Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud-based [...]
Examining copper supply feasibility in decarbonization pathways: a mine-level dynamic approach
Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Primary copper production capacity is a major concern in light of estimates of future demand. This issue is not sufficiently taken into account in models providing decarbonization pathways. Our study assesses the feasibility of SSPs basic drivers for primary copper requirements derived from the DyMEMDS model, alongside our projections of primary copper production capacities. We introduce a [...]
Embedding seismic scattering from seismograms
Published: 2025-04-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Heterogeneities in the Earth's crust scatter seismic waves at many scales, trapping seismic energy and producing coda waves that encode valuable information on geological structures. In regions such as volcanoes and fault systems, analyzing coda waves is essential for characterizing non-uniform subsurface heterogeneity, improving interpretation and seismic imaging. Here, we apply unsupervised [...]
Volcano flank instabilities and lateral collapse
Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The gravitational instability and subsequent lateral collapse of a volcano is a common phenomenon observed in most types of volcanoes, from continental to oceanic environments. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to volcanic collapse, including the volcano's internal structure, geological setting, and a range of volcanic and non-volcanic processes, including climatic conditions. [...]
Anthropogenic Interference in Aeolian Processes in Kerman Plain, Southeastern Iran
Published: 2025-04-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography
Dry climate, poor vegetation and relatively smooth topography are the most important factors that brought about wind erosion processes prevail in the Kerman plain. Aeolian sediments in the Kerman plain can be divided into active and stabilized sediments. Stabilized sediments show a cross-bedding structure and coarser-grained fluvial sediments are found between layers of aeolian sediments. [...]
Finding the potential height of tropical cyclone storm surges in a changing climate using Bayesian optimization
Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We introduce a new framework for systematically exploring the largest storm surge heights that a tropical cyclone in a given climate can create. We calculate the tropical cyclone potential intensity and the potential size from climate model projections and find that both these limits increase in response to climate change. We then use Bayesian optimization with a barotropic ocean circulation [...]
Users of a Container-Based Sanitation Service Experience High Sanitation-Related Quality of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study in Cap Haitien, Haiti
Published: 2025-05-24
Subjects: Public Health
Sanitation users often value improved sanitation interventions for social benefits, such as improved safety and dignity. Some sanitation providers have started using well-being measurements to evaluate service impacts beyond infectious disease outcomes. In particular, the Sanitation Quality of Life (SanQoL) Index explores five attributes associated with sanitation wellbeing: health, disgust, [...]
Nuclear Winter Could Sever Urban Water Access Across the Northern Hemisphere
Published: 2025-04-03
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Risk Analysis, Water Resource Management
The continuous functioning of the underground water supply networks is essential for many aspects of modern civilization. Therefore, it is essential to keep such critical infrastructure safe from disasters. However, existing risk assessment studies often assume relatively stable climate conditions. Abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios, such as those caused by a nuclear war, a large volcanic [...]
Active Face Emissions: An Opportunity for Reducing Methane Emissions in Global Waste Management
Published: 2025-04-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study used mobile surveys of ten Canadian landfills to assess how methane emissions varied across different landfill sources and operational conditions. The studied landfills included two closed landfills, four open landfills equipped with Gas Collection and Control Systems (GCCS), and four open landfills operating without GCCS. We employed the Gaussian dispersion model to estimate emissions [...]
Spatio-temporal variability in stable water isotopes of Brahmaputra river system and its implications
Published: 2025-04-04
Subjects: Engineering
The Brahmaputra river system is one of Asia's largest and most dynamic transboundary rivers. Yet, significant investigations on the isotopic signature of its water are limited and not documented. This study aims to address the limitations in datasets and enhance the knowledge of the river's complex hydrological processes and its climatic influence using the stable isotope technique. Over 1-2 [...]
Chaotic variability of the magnetic field at Earth's surface driven by ionospheric and space plasmas
Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
It is shown that the universal chaotic/turbulent processes in space (solar wind and magnetosphere) and in ionospheric plasmas drive the chaotic temporal variability and determine the level of randomness of the magnetic field at Earth's surface in the temporal range from a few hours to a few years. The results of observations provided by the spacecraft and satellite missions, and the global [...]
Greywater Quantities and Qualities in Low-Income Kumasi, Ghana: Implications for Sustainable Water Management.
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Household greywater, comprising wastewater from laundry, kitchen, and bathroom activities, poses significant environmental and public health challenges in peri-urban communities with limited sanitation infrastructure. This study quantified and characterized greywater from 10 households in Kotei, a peri-urban community in Kumasi, Ghana, over a 10-week period in 2023. Using a cross-sectional [...]
Dating Oligocene-Recent siliciclastic sediment sequences from the Norwegian Sea
Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Stratigraphy
The Norwegian Sea is crucial for ocean circulation and global climate and has therefore long been a focus in paleoceanography. However, precise dating of sediments has often proved difficult, due to poor preservation and endemism among microfossils and the discontinuous nature of many records. One important Norwegian Sea Site, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 643, is of particular interest, [...]