Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
From Interface Dynamics to Darcy Scale Description of Multiphase Flow in Porous Media
Published: 2025-10-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An outstanding characteristic of porous media, desired in many applications, is the large surface area, which facilitates solid-fluid interactions, making porous media an extreme case in colloid and interface science. In two-fluid systems, wetting and the balance of capillary and viscous forces control fluid displacement processes, leading to a wide range of complex flow regimes with rich [...]
Climate factors related to the dengue incidence in Costa Rica and future projections under scenario SSP5-8.5.
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistics and Probability
This article has three objectives: 1) modeling the climate-dengue relationship at the smallest administrative division (districts) using high-resolution data; 2) use of an objective algorithm for the selection of predictors that results in parsimonious models, cross-validated to prevent overfitting; and 3) using estimates from CMIP6 climate models to provide mid-century (2035-2065) potential [...]
Understanding fiber-optic sensitivity to a wavefield: A framework to separate site amplification from orientation effects
Published: 2026-04-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
When analyzing signals from Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), the recorded amplitude across the array can be difficult to interpret, as it is influenced by many parameters. In this work, we explore the theoretical foundations of fiber sensing amplitude transfer functions. We begin with linear fiber segments and progressively extend to more complex geometries to create polarization [...]
On radiocarbon near the epicenter of the 1908 Tunguska event
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. A large number of hypotheses about its causes have already been put forward. However, so far none of them has received convincing evidence. Since the late 1950s, a large number of studies have been carried out in the area of the Tunguska event, including those related to radiocarbon [...]
Dead Sea Warming and the Origin of Salt Giants
Published: 2025-10-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Episodically, vast seas on Earth partly dried out, leaving deposits called “salt giants”. Recently, in addition to well-documented accelerated level decline and salt precipitation, the Dead Sea has suffered severe warming. The mechanisms underlying this warming and the formation of salt giants remain unresolved. Here we propose a physical model of hypersaline waterbodies that reproduces Dead Sea [...]
Emerging Remote Sensing Tools for Comprehensive Cryosphere Assessment
Published: 2025-10-27
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This review synthesizes current remote sensing (RS) applications for monitoring Earth's cryosphere, encompassing ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, snow cover, permafrost, and mountain ice features. It examines how satellite-based technologies, including radar interferometry, laser altimetry, passive microwave sensors, and optical imagery, have revolutionized cryospheric science by enabling [...]
Complex Realities, Simple Signals? Global Evaluation of Early Warning Signals for Forest Mortality Events
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences, Sustainability
Forests around the world are increasingly experiencing large-scale regional mortality events as a result of droughts and heat waves. Despite their considerable impacts on the material, non-material, and regulatory contributions of forest ecosystems to people, these mortality events remain difficult to predict. Temporal Early Warning Signals (EWS) based on the concept of Critical Slowing Down [...]
Intermittent supershear rupture punctuated by barrier-induced stopping phase during the 2025 Mw 7.8 Myanmar Earthquake: Evidence from near-fault strong motion observation
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supershear rupture has been investigated by many studies, yet its exact characteristics during natural earthquakes are not fully clear, due to the paucity of near-field constraints. Here we analyze the strong motion data recorded at a near-fault station during the 2025 Mw 7.8 Myanmar earthquake to estimate the detailed source process around that station. By comparing simulated velocity waveforms [...]
Bimodal Astroclimatic Modulation of ENSO Dynamics by Net Shortwave Solar Radiation
Published: 2025-10-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The persistent Spring Predictability Barrier (SPB) suggests that current ENSO models may omit a crucial external forcing. This study identifies and quantifies a bimodal, season-dependent modulation of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the 1999–2024 period, driven by variations in net short-wave solar radiation. Using a SARIMAX framework combined with permutation tests, two distinct [...]
First documented record of the ammonite Turrilites costatus LAMARCK, 1801 from the Cenomanian of northern Saudi Arabia: Implications for Arabian Plate paleogeography
Published: 2025-10-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents the first documented occurrence of the heteromorph ammonite genus Turrilites LAMARCK, 1801, from the Cretaceous strata of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In-situ fossil assemblages, identified as Turrilites costatus LAMARCK, 1801, were discovered and documented in three separate outcrops of the Aruma Formation, located south of the city of Ar'ar in northern Saudi Arabia. The [...]
Extreme Heat and Rainfall Risk Attributed to Cumulative CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Producers
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Legal and political approaches to climate accountability require demonstrating that a particular emitter contributed to a climate impact, but quantitative solutions to this attribution challenge remain nascent. This study leverages the proportionality of global warming to cumulative CO2 emissions to develop statistical models that directly predict extreme climate risk from cumulative emissions. [...]
Global presence and absence of ultra-low velocity zones as seen by Sdiff postcursors
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The core-mantle boundary is a region of significant lateral heterogeneity. Two antipodal large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) dominate the lower mantle, while smaller but more extreme ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) pepper the lowermost mantle in a variety of morphologies. These ULVZs have been linked to both the edges of LLVPs and to plume-related hotspots, the latter of which may plausibly be [...]
Nondimensional parameter regimes of Arctic ice keel-ocean flow interactions
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Sea ice keels modulate upper-ocean momentum and mixing through internal wave (IW) generation, yet their effects are difficult to represent in climate models because their spatio-temporal scales are smaller than those of climate models and difficult to study in idealized simulations because geometry, forcing, and stratification span a large parameter space. We construct a compact description of [...]
A Static Enthalpy Equilibrium Approach to the Stability of Saturated Sands (Version 2)
Published: 2025-10-25
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Construction Engineering and Management, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
This preprint presents a physical formulaton for the stability of saturated granular systems based on a static enthalpy equilibrium. The approach definnes equilibrium as the balance between the gravitationel potential of the granular framework and the hydraulic work of the pore water. From this energetic condition, the limit state and the transition between stable, metastable, and liquefied [...]
Mars' Lowest and Highest Points Revisited
Published: 2025-10-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Sciences
We present revised values for Mars’ extreme elevations using a blended digital elevation model (DEM) that combines altimetry collected from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor with stereo imagery from the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on ESA’s Mars Express. The widely cited minimum elevation is derived from an earlier MOLA-only DEM which lacks direct [...]