Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Toward Greater Clarity: Reanalyzing Solomon’s Depiction of the Ross Ice Shelf Atmospheric Dynamic
Published: 2025-10-10
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
In the final chapters of The Coldest March: Scott's Fatal Antarctic Expedition, Dr. Susan Solomon analyzes the meteorological conditions surrounding the last blizzard that claimed the lives of Captain Robert Falcon Scott, Dr. Edward Wilson, and Lieutenant Henry Bowers. The book’s conclusion—that the storm could not have lasted ten days and that the men may have chosen to die—warrants close [...]
Long-lived topography along rifted margins: Insights from Aparados da Serra escarpment, Southeast Brazil
Published: 2025-10-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The Brazilian margin is one of the longest elevated passive margins (EPMs) in the world. However, both the timing of uplift and the long-term evolution of this EPM remain highly debated. In this study, we present a new suite of apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe) and fission track (AFT) ages for the southern end of the Brazilian EPM, in the Aparados da Serra plateau. Combined with literature data, our [...]
Dueling dynamics of low-angle normal fault rupture with splay faulting and off-fault damage
Published: 2026-04-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Despite a lack of modern large earthquakes on shallowly dipping normal faults, Holocene Mw>7 low-angle normal fault (LANF; dip<30°) ruptures are preserved paleoseismically and inferred from historical earthquake and tsunami accounts. Even in well-recorded megathrust earthquakes, the effects of non-linear off-fault plasticity and dynamically reactivated splay faults on shallow deformation [...]
Valuation boundaries in monetary ecosystem service assessment: A logic-chain-based reporting framework with a vineyard application
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Monetary ecosystem service (ES) valuations often diverge across studies and locations even when similar valuation approaches are applied. A key reason is that applied valuations frequently rely on opportunistic datasets and proxies, which implicitly determine which biophysical, management, and demand-side drivers are represented in the valuation workflow. Because this “valuation boundary” is [...]
Formation and fluxes of natural hydrogen in the crust and upper mantle
Published: 2025-10-09
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a fundamental component of planetary evolution and an important energy source for microbial life. It is now understood that natural mechanisms, spanning geological and biological processes, can produce high concentrations of hydrogen in natural fluids. Quantifying the processes that modulate natural hydrogen concentrations is necessary not only for conceptualising the [...]
Steep nested clinoforms in the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate Sobrarbe Deltaic Complex (Eocene, Aínsa Basin, Spain)
Published: 2025-10-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
This study investigates the processes controlling the development of nested clinoforms in outcrops of the Eocene Sobrarbe Deltaic Complex of the Aínsa Basin, highlighting their significance as archives of basin-margin evolution. Small-scale clinoforms record the higher-frequency cycles of delta progradation and the coetaneous development of a carbonate factory, while large-scale clinoforms record [...]
Vegetable supply to Tokyo disrupted by 2023 and 2024 summer heatwaves
Published: 2025-10-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the impacts on urban food supply from extreme climate events is a first step towards building climate-resilient agri-food systems. Here, we report on vegetable supply disruptions in the Tokyo metropolitan area due to the summer heatwaves of 2023 and 2024, using the governmental survey on wholesale market arrival volumes and prices. Fifteen vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, carrot, [...]
Seismicity Migration from Fluid Injection: Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Models Illuminate Volume-Driven versus Pressure-Diffusion-Driven Migration
Published: 2025-10-09
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Mining Engineering
Fluid injection into the subsurface can induce seismicity by reactivating shear rupture, which typically produces larger earthquake magnitudes than tensile rupture. In laboratory shear rupture experiments, pressurization of the entire fault is often limited because large unconfined samples allow fluid to leak at free surfaces. In this study, we investigated shear fault reactivation by directly [...]
Tides of change: an exploratory qualitative study on the health risks of an AMOC collapse in Europe, with a focus on Germany
Published: 2025-10-10
Subjects: Public Health
This qualitative study examines the potential health and societal impacts of an Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) collapse on European populations, with a particular focus on Germany. Through semi-structured interviews with 17 transdisciplinary experts, the research investigates how a weakening AMOC could amplify existing health risks, create new challenges and strain healthcare [...]
Beyond calcite: Crude-urease EICP reveals metal-specific crystallogenetic pathways
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
During carbonate biomineralization, metal identity governs phase selection and metal partitioning, directing contaminants into fundamentally different crystallogenetic pathways even where bulk removal efficiencies remain high. However, the mechanisms controlling this divergence remain incompletely understood. Here, we compare the mineralogical fate of Pb, Co and Cr under standardized [...]
Carbon Dioxide Removal Supply Curves: A Multi-Model Assessment
Published: 2026-06-10
Subjects: Other Environmental Sciences
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is widely recognised as essential for pathways consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement. Yet the cost-dependent potential of CDR options, given resource competition, remains uncertain. Here we present CDR-supply curves assessing a range of CDR options across carbon price levels using five Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) for 2035, 2050 and 2100. At 400 (200) $ [...]
Informing landfill emission reporting programs through remote sensing
Published: 2025-10-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Landfills are a significant source of global methane emissions. To quantify and track emissions from these sources over time, jurisdictions and industry experts generally use emission models that involve a variety of process and waste characterization assumptions. These models are used to assess landfill operational performance and establish emission reduction targets. Testing the assumptions of [...]
A City Under Heat: Assessing urban heat island impacts on mortality risk from non-communicable diseases in metropolitan zones of Mexico, 2003-2019
Published: 2025-10-11
Subjects: Public Health
Urban heat island (UHI) has been recognized as a serious health threat in urban cities worldwide, which can contribute to thermal discomfort, and a range of morbidity and mortality outcomes. Using mortality records for five International Classification of Diseases chapters (4, 5, 6, 9, and 10) from 2003–2019 across metropolitan regions in Mexico, and summer and winter daytime/nighttime UHI [...]
Global Biosphere Productivity Response to Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Collapse During Heinrich Stadial 4
Published: 2025-10-11
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Climate
The slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) due to ongoing climate change raises concerns about its impact on the global carbon cycle. Understanding how global biosphere productivity may respond to such changes is essential for predicting the future carbon cycle, yet quantifying past global biosphere productivity remains challenging. We use triple isotope composition of [...]
Reconstructing Nineteenth-Century River Water Levels with Transformer-Based Computer Vision
Published: 2025-10-11
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Physical and Environmental Geography
Nineteenth-century Bavarian Danube gauge charts (1826–1894) were converted into daily water-level series referenced to gauge zero through a semi-automated workflow combining light document pre-processing, dewarping, transformer-based line extraction, pixel-to-curve calibration, and targeted human checks. A curated ground-truth sample supported benchmarking and uncertainty quantification. On three [...]