Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Dense vertical profiling of the natural magnetic field with a suspended QuSpin QTFM Gen 2 under azimuth-balanced acquisition
Published: 2026-08-23
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Sensor height is part of the observation geometry of a magnetic survey. We quantified how processed, azimuth-balanced total magnetic field changed with sensor height above ground level (AGL) for a suspended QuSpin QTFM Gen 2 at four agricultural-field sites in Xã Bác Ái Tây, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam. The sensor was suspended 20 m below a geophysical drone helicopter. At each nominal condition from 25.0 [...]
Mass-Transport Complex Top Surface Morphology Controls Turbidity Current Evolution Over Millennial Timescales
Published: 2026-08-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Slope failures and related gravity currents are key mechanisms by which sediment is remobilized, transported, and deposited on most of continental margins. Their deposits, which include mass-transport complexes (MTCs) and turbidites, are commonly deposited in close spatial and temporal association and constitute key depositional elements filling sedimentary basins. Previous studies have revealed [...]
Evidence of low watershed resilience across the Western United States
Published: 2026-01-16
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Vulnerable waters, including headwater streams and non-floodplain wetlands, are essential to watershed level resilience but notoriously difficult to measure over large spatial scales. Although individually small, vulnerable waters as a whole are integral in regulating hydrologic and biogeochemical processes. In the relatively small proportion of vulnerable waters that are continuously monitored, [...]
Benchmarking analog and ensemble-based seasonal forecasting strategies for water management in the Upper Rio Grande basin
Published: 2026-01-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology
In the southwestern US, declining runoff efficiencies driven by a warming climate have undermined the skill of seasonal water supply forecast (WSF) methods used for reservoir management by local to federal agencies. Seasonal water allocations are often based on deterministic inflow sequences, derived by matching historical streamflow traces (analogs) to statistical WSF volumes; yet model-based [...]
A pilot study exploring the effect of vehicular waste heat on personal heat exposure
Published: 2026-01-18
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Understanding the causes of heat in various microclimates in cities is vital to improving human thermal comfort and health in outdoor spaces. This pilot study uses an experimental design to evaluate microclimate heat risk – including ambient air temperature (TA) and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) – and approximate personal heat exposure of people 1.5-3.0 meters (5-10 feet) away from idling [...]
From Progress to Transformation: A Systems-Based Index for Measuring Agrifood Systems Transformation
Published: 2026-04-17
Subjects: International and Area Studies
This paper introduces the Agrifood Systems Transformation Index (AFSTI), a systems-based framework for measuring agrifood systems transformation as a multidimensional, goaloriented, and interdependent process. Existing measurement approaches often fail to capture the systemic nature of transformation, relying on fragmented indicators or additive aggregation methods that mask imbalance across key [...]
Use of Low Impact Development Systems to Enhance Recharge using Stormwater in a Heavily Groundwater-Depleted Region of the Gulf Coast Aquifer
Published: 2026-01-18
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydrology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Water resources in the Houston Metropolitan Area, otherwise known as Greater Houston, have been under enormous stress for decades due to an increase in population and uncertain climate conditions. Rapid urbanization has also increased impervious cover, leading to excess stormwater runoff. Implementing managed aquifer recharge (MAR) through the use of low impact development (LID) strategies can [...]
Defects, impurities and inclusion–host interfaces in diamond: an atomic-scale physico-chemical framework
Published: 2026-01-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The term “inclusion” is widely used in diamond research to describe internal features that differ fundamentally in their physical nature. In practice, atomic-scale lattice defects and chemically distinct foreign phases are frequently conflated, leading to ambiguity in the interpretation of microstructural observations. This paper presents a conceptual physico-chemical framework that distinguishes [...]
Prevalence and associated factors of microbial water quality from drinking water in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study
Published: 2026-04-17
Subjects: Public Health
Introduction Drinking water contamination is a worldwide problem and causes a major public health threat, with most water contamination prevalent in developing countries, including Ethiopia. There is no pooled overall prevalence of fecal coliform contamination and its contributing factors in drinking water in Ethiopia. Method The review was conducted under the Preferred Reporting Items for [...]
Identification and verification of worst-case radiological transport scenarios for Ireland: a simulation-based approach to nuclear emergency preparedness (2011-2024)
Published: 2026-01-20
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
This study presents a comprehensive simulation-based assessment of potential transboundary radiological transport to Ireland from six nuclear facilities in the United Kingdom and France, utilising weather data over a fourteen-year period (2011–2024). Systematic screening of 2.2 million HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersion simulations identified eighteen worst-case scenarios representing conditions of [...]
Data curation strategies for geospatial machine learning: a case study in peatland classification
Published: 2026-01-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The quality of training datasets can have a large impact on machine learning models, yet this aspect of the pipeline frequently receives less scrutiny than it should. In the context of geospatial mapping from point-scale field data, quality control strategies to remove erroneous or misleading data can be applied prior to model training to improve performance. However, such strategies and their [...]
Magmatic degassing as the primary source of salt in Archean oceans
Published: 2026-01-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The salinification of Earth’s early oceans impacted both the climate and the evolution of life. However, available halogen data of Archaean seawater samples are at apparent odds with a conventionally assumed mantle origin of sea salt, highlighting a critical lack of mechanistic understanding of how the Archaean oceans became salty. Here, we present new triple halogen (Cl-Br-I) data from high [...]
Storm signals in coastal sediments: A review of palaeostorm archives and analytical approaches in north-west Europe
Published: 2026-01-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coastal sedimentary archives offer key insights into past severe storms and related flooding, contributing to a better understanding of long-term coastal hazard histories. Although interest in palaeostorm reconstructions has increased in recent decades, a comprehensive overview and information for north-west Europe is missing. This synoptic literature review compiles all known sedimentary storm [...]
Fabric, texture, and bubble characteristics of the million-year old Allan Hills blue ice core ALHIC1901
Published: 2026-01-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ice cores from the Allan Hills blue ice area in Antarctica have been dated to several million years of age. However, the stratigraphy of these cores is often disturbed, and age reversals are common, hampering the interpretation of the derived climate records. To better understand the physical processes affecting the ice, we here use a variety of microstructural methods to investigate the fabric, [...]
A crystal-scale record of recharge and mixing at Rabaul Volcano (Papua New Guinea)
Published: 2026-01-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology
Rabaul is a densely populated caldera volcano in Papua New Guinea that last erupted a caldera-forming volume ~1,400 years ago and has produced numerous intra-caldera eruptions since. Its erupted compositions have commonly been attributed to fractional crystallisation, and although mafic enclaves point to a role for mafic recharge and magma mixing, no study has yet used the crystal cargo itself to [...]