Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Did Seattle go silent during the Superbowl?
Published: 2026-02-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Large-scale cultural events such as sports games and music concerts are known to cause localised seismic excitation above background noise levels. In this paper we investigate whether a comparable far-field 'quietening' could be observed during Superbowl LX (February 8, 2026) in the city of Seattle, hometown of the Seattle Seahawks, as people stayed indoors to watch the game. We find that a [...]
Megadyke propagation down dynamic topography
Published: 2025-08-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Magmatic dykes that align vertically and extend laterally for hundreds to thousands of kilometres are known as megadykes. Observations of solidified megadyke swarms indicate that they have a common magma source and a characteristic run-out length. There is no consensus on what determines this length. We develop quantitative predictions to test the hypothesis that run-out length is set by the [...]
Regional Economic Impacts and Emission Responses under Solar Radiation Modification
Published: 2026-04-20
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Nature and Society Relations, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) has been proposed as a potential tool to limit increases in global or regional temperatures caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. While previous research has extensively examined the climate system's response to various SRM strategies, as well as their aggregate economic consequences, the regional distribution of economic impacts has received less [...]
Manganese redox cycling drives the epitaxial growth of dolomite on metastable kutnahorite templates
Published: 2026-01-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Fine-crystalline, fabric-preserving dolostones in deep-time successions defy high-temperature burial models, implying an elusive low-temperature formation pathway hindered by the kinetic hydration barrier of Mg2+ and the thermodynamic miscibility gap separating calcite from ordered dolomite. Here, we demonstrate a kinetically facile route to self-assembling dolomite driven by the synergy of [...]
A suspended adsorbent filter for arsenic removal from water to address UN 2030 agenda for sustainable development
Published: 2026-02-12
Subjects: Engineering
Magnetite particles are widely recognized as green and sustainable material for advanced water treatment. The magnetite particles are synthesized through a simple electrochemical process at room temperature from an iron-based electrode immersed in an alkaline aqueous medium at pH 10.5. Arsenic adsorption kinetics were rapid, and adsorption reaction can reach equilibrium within 10 minutes [...]
Elevated in-situ Vp/Vs preceding hydraulic-fracturing-induced earthquakes
Published: 2026-02-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Effective management of seismic hazard in geo-energy development demands real-time estimates of subsurface fault instability. However, real-time monitoring of pore pressure change during subsurface fluid injection remains challenging. Here, we present a novel high-resolution, non-tomographic monitoring strategy that tracks the ratio of seismic wave speeds (Vp/Vs) as a proxy for pore pressure [...]
The Future of EO-Enabled SDG 11.3.1 Monitoring Through Uncertainty-Aware Forecasting of Urban Land-Use Efficiency
Published: 2026-01-17
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series, Natural Resource Economics, Sustainability
Earth observation (EO) has become central to monitoring progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG Indicator 11.3.1, which assesses land-use efficiency (LUE) through the ratio of land consumption rate (LCR) to population growth rate (PGR). Current EO-based implementations remain predominantly retrospective and deterministic, relying on historical mappings of [...]
Evidence of a ULVZ near Vanuatu from Sdiff postcursors
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Thin anomalous structures known as ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) have been found on the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and have extreme velocity reductions. These features are detected due to their effect on seismic waves that travel through them, typically producing precursors or postcursors. In this study we use postcursors to shear core-diffracted waves (Sdiff+) that sample the CMB near Vanuatu [...]
Conceptual challenges in astrobiological analog environments and paths toward resolution
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Biology, Other Life Sciences, Other Planetary Sciences, Planetary Sciences
Analog environments are terrestrial environments that resemble extraterrestrial sites; this concept originated in space sciences for defining methods to study planetary geology, training for missions and testing research instruments. As biological research became integrated into these investigations - through studies of limits for life and possible biosignatures - and astrobiology grew as a [...]
Data-driven control reveals distributed flood adaptation priorities across large river networks under climate change
Published: 2026-02-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dynamical Systems, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Distributed flood adaptation requires knowing where in a river network attenuation effort should concentrate and how much each reach requires, but the spatial coupling, scenario dependence, and high dimensionality of real drainage networks have kept these requirements largely unresolved. We combine data-driven dynamics learning, reduced-order modeling, and optimal control theory into a diagnostic [...]
Governing Generative AI in Disaster Risk Management
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Risk Analysis
The increasing frequency and severity of climate-related disasters, as well as scarcity of resources to counter them, highlight the urgent need for advanced tools in assessing and managing natural hazards. Recent developments in generative artificial intelligence offer new avenues to enhance disaster risk management. Among these advancements, large language models (LLMs) hold potential for [...]
Deep-learning climate emulator ACE2 reveals a global decrease in tropical cyclone frequency in the 15th Century under an El Niño-like sea surface temperature pattern
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The relatively short modern observational record limits our understanding of the relationship between global tropical cyclone (TC) frequency and sea surface temperature (SST), resulting in uncertain future TC projections. Using novel deep-learning-based past-millennium simulations with the Ai2 Climate Emulator version 2 (ACE2), we provide insight into the connections between SSTs and TCs. ACE2 [...]
Decadal Trends in the Quality of Groundwater Used for Public Drinking-Water Supply in California, 2004–2023, California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program, Priority Basin Project
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of decadal changes in the quality of groundwater used for public drinking-water supply at 444 monitoring sites across California during 2004–2023. We assessed decadal step trends in groundwater quality for 145 water-quality constituents and geochemical indicators statewide and across geographic and land-use based network groups. We evaluated the [...]
Multi-Sensor Fusion of Sentinel-2 Imagery and ICESat-2 Satellite Laser Bathymetry for Benthic Habitat Classification in Key Largo, Florida Keys
Published: 2026-02-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Multispectral imagery has traditionally been used to classify benthic habitats; however, many challenges exist when using this method alone including the overlap of spectral signatures among habitat types, and the loss of signal due to water depth in coastal areas. The authors propose an innovative method that combines multispectral imagery from Sentinel-2 (Tile 17RNJ, January 30, 2024) with [...]
LLM-augmented taxonomy for >4500 palaeopalynology genera
Published: 2026-02-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics
Large Language Models (LLMs), being text-based, are ideal types of artificial intelligence to consider the complexities of palaeontological taxonomy because palaeontology depends on published textual descriptions as the primary, authoritative record of a taxon. This paper describes (1) the preparation of palynological (the study of organic-walled microfossils) taxonomic text contained within the [...]