Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Influence of snowpack properties and local incidence angle on SAR signal depolarization: a mathematical model for high-resolution snow depth estimation
Published: 2025-02-26
Subjects: Remote Sensing
Recently, Dual-Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been shown to be effective for large-scale snow cover monitoring, but it faces significant challenges when applied to finer resolutions, which are crucial for applications such as avalanche forecasting. In this study, we propose a novel mathematical model to retrieve snow properties from Sentinel-1 SAR data, leveraging variations in [...]
When rotation-invariant spectra enter structural design: interpreting RotD100 and related measures
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering
In many design procedures, a scalar response spectrum like RotD50 or RotD100 is interpreted as a component spectrum applied independently along two orthogonal structural directions. When a maximum-direction measure such as RotD100 is used in this way, an implicit assumption is introduced: both structural axes experience the worst possible orientation of ground motion. This has contributed to the [...]
Weather types and rainfall variability during the Northeast Monsoon over Malaysia
Published: 2026-02-05
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Malaysia frequently experiences extreme rainfall throughout the Northeast Monsoon season. However, the connection between extreme rainfall and distinct monsoonal synoptic circulations remains to be fully investigated. This study aims to identify the dominant synoptic circulation patterns and the associated extreme precipitation using weather type classification method. K-means algorithm was [...]
Systematic Evaluation of the Influence of Camera Placement and Settings on the Quality of Photogrammetric Models of Rocks
Published: 2026-02-05
Subjects: Geology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Other Computer Sciences, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Despite the widespread adoption of photogrammetry across diverse disciplines, the relative influences of image acquisition parameters on the quality of photogrammetric models are seldom quantitatively understood. To address this, we conducted experiments under controlled lighting conditions, camera positions, and camera settings and evaluated the quality of the resultant models using both a [...]
Hybrid Physics–AI Ecosystem Simulations Improve Biogeochemical Predictions in Temperate Shelf Seas
Published: 2026-02-03
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Biochemistry, Biogeochemistry, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Marine Biology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Planetary Biogeochemistry, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Biogeochemical models form a core part of marine forecasting and climate projections, yet they suffer from persistent biases in predicting key ecosystem variables, creating challenges across regional and global scales. To address this, we developed an AI-augmented three-dimensional hybrid framework that integrates machine-learning corrections directly into a process-based model’s productivity [...]
Mangrove Forest loss and Future Risk Analysis for Southeast Asia using Satellite-derived data and Machine learning
Published: 2026-02-05
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Mangrove forests are a critical part of our ecosystem, which works continuously to fight the carbon footprint, coastal erosion and provides support for biodiversity. However, these forests are encountering notable loss across tropical areas. To save these diverse ecosystem it is important to identify the mangrove loss factors and future risk zones. In this study, I have worked on a multi-country [...]
High-resolution geodetic velocities reveal role of weak faults in deformation of Tibetan Plateau
Published: 2023-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the key mechanisms that control the tectonic deformation of the continents remains a fundamental challenge in geodynamics. We present a high-resolution geodetic velocity field of the Tibetan Plateau, which shows that a few major strike-slip fault systems separate regions of more uniformly distributed deformation. We suggest that focused strain on major fault systems is enabled by [...]
Comparative analysis of mass balance estimates since 1959 at Mittivakkat Gletsjer (SE Greenland)
Published: 2026-03-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mittivakkat Gletsjer (MIT) has the longest glaciological surface mass balance (SMB) record of any peripheral glacier in Greenland. In this study, we utilize the glaciological SMB record, calibrate SMB from the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO), and calculate geodetic mass balance (MB) to provide a multi-methodic assessment of trends in SMB. Glaciological SMB and modelled SMB correlate [...]
The rapid progress of climate change requires effective concepts for protecting people indoors
Published: 2025-06-30
Subjects: Life Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences
According to the latest forecasts from the United Nations, it is highly likely that we will miss by a wide margin the 1.5 °C climate target set in the Paris Agreement in 2015. Rather, this planet has to prepare for a global temperature increase of 2.6 - 3.1 °C by 2100 and associated frequently occurring extreme weather events. It is therefore high time to design and technically equip the [...]
Quantifying the intensity of crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO): some practical considerations and recommended practices
Published: 2025-08-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) commonly develop during the crystal-plastic deformation of rocks and minerals, and are widely used to infer strain intensity and geometry, reconstruct deformation conditions, and estimate material anisotropy. Although CPO intensity is often quantified using scalar metrics that reduce the full orientation distribution to a single value, these measures [...]
Impacts of Potential Solar Radiation Modification: Systematic Review Reveals Challenges and Opportunities
Published: 2026-06-06
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences, Plant Sciences
Solar radiation modification (SRM) is a proposed temporary intervention to limit global warming while mitigation efforts continue. Understanding its potential consequences for human and natural systems is essential for informed deliberations. We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on SRM impacts published through May 2024, identifying 289 studies, including 261 primary [...]
Global temperature calibrations based on 3-hydroxy fatty acids in lacustrine settings
Published: 2026-08-22
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences
Lakes are important archives of palaeoclimate records on the continent and decoding them could improve the parameterization of climate models to better predict the future. However, the limited temperature proxies currently applicable in lake environments make high-resolution climate records scarce. 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) are bacterial lipids which have recently been proposed as [...]
Deep learning methods for the simulation and optimization of shallow geothermal energy systems
Published: 2026-07-01
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computational Engineering, Geology, Natural Resources Management and Policy
Shallow geothermal energy (SGE) systems are crucial for decarbonizing the heating and cooling sector. Their planning, design and operation, however, rely on the simulation of heat transport in the subsurface, a task that is computationally demanding and particularly prohibitive for multi-query applications such as sensitivity analysis and optimization. Deep learning (DL) has recently emerged as a [...]
crstools 1.0.0: an R package for cartographic analyses
Published: 2026-03-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Spatial analyses are central to ecological studies, underpinning applications ranging from species distribution modelling to conservation planning and macroecological inference. However, most of these require translating processes occurring on a spherical surface into a planar map, inevitably introducing distortion biases. Projection choice can therefore influence both visual interpretation and [...]
Melt sustains pre-monsoon flow while groundwater drives the monsoon in the Nepal Himalayas
Published: 2026-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Himalayan water-security assessments often focus on glacier retreat, yet groundwater may supply much of river flow. We combine seismic observations from the Hi-CLIMB transect across Nepal (2002–2004) with gauged discharge, satellite precipitation, and glacier-cover inventories to resolve when streamflow is sustained by melt versus groundwater. Relative seismic velocity changes track hillslope [...]