Preprints
Search for earthquake (514 results)
Comment on “Earthquake-induced prompt gravity signals identified in dense array data in Japan” by Kimura et al.
Published: 2019-04-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A recent work by Kimura et al. (2019) (hereafter referred to as K19) claims to provide the first observational constraints on the prompt elastogravity signals (PEGS) induced by an earthquake. To make their claim, the authors argue that the observations shown in Vallée et al. (2017) (hereafter referred to as V17) are spurious and their modeling inaccurate. Here we show that K19’s claim is invalid [...]
Earthquake cycle modeling of the Cascadia subduction zone
Published: 2019-04-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Cascadia subduction zone hosts great $\mathrm{M}_\mathrm{W} > 8.5$ earthquakes, but studying these events is hindered by our short observational record. Earthquake cycle simulation provides an alternative window into the behavior of the subduction zone. Here, we present simulations over 3,800 years, 14 ruptures and hundreds of slow slip events on a high-fidelity geometric representation of [...]
Ridge Subduction and Afterslip Control Aftershock Distribution of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Ecuador Earthquake
Published: 2019-04-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We characterise the aftershock sequence following the 2016 Mw=7.8 Pedernales earthquake. More than 10,000 events were detected and located, with magnitudes up to 6.9. Most of the aftershock seismicity results from interplate thrust faulting, but we also observe a few normal and strike-slip mechanisms. Seismicity extends for more than 300 km along strike, and is constrained between the trench and [...]
Boundary element methods for earthquake modeling with realistic 3D geometries
Published: 2019-04-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Boundary element methods have become a foundational tool in earthquake science for the modeling of earthquake cycle kinematics. Despite their wide use and convenience typical rectangular and triangular constant slip dislocation methods produce stress singularities at the edges of every element rendering these models physically unrealistic. As we demonstrate, in an earthquake cycle simulation [...]
Observation and explanation of spurious seismic signals emerging in teleseismic noise correlations
Published: 2019-04-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Deep body waves have been reconstructed from seismic noise correlations in recent studies. The authors note their great potential for deep-Earth imaging. In addition to the expected physical seismic phases, some spurious arrivals having no correspondence in earthquake seismograms are observed from the noise correlations. The origins of the noise-derived body waves have not been well understood. [...]
Temporally constant Quaternary uplift rates and their relationship with extensional upper-plate faults in south Crete (Greece), constrained with 36Cl exposure dating.
Published: 2019-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Preserved sets of marine terraces and palaeoshorelines above subduction zones provide an opportunity to explore the long-term deformation that occurs as a result of upper-plate extension. We investigate uplifted palaeoshorelines along the South Central Crete Fault and over its western tip, located above the Hellenic Subduction Zone, in order to derive uplift rates and examine the role that known [...]
Poroelastic effects destabilize mildly rate-strengthening friction to generate stable slow slip pulses
Published: 2019-03-18
Subjects: Applied Mechanics, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Mechanical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, Tribology
Slow slip events on tectonic faults, sliding instabilities that never accelerate to inertially limited ruptures or earthquakes, are one of the most enigmatic phenomena in frictional sliding. While observations of slow slip events continue to mount, a plausible mechanism that permits instability while simultaneously limiting slip speed remains elusive. Rate-and-state friction has been successful [...]
The Dynamics of Elongated Earthquake Ruptures
Published: 2019-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The largest earthquakes propagate laterally after saturating the fault’s seismogenic width and reach large length-to-width ratios L/W. Smaller earthquakes can also develop elongated ruptures due to confinement by heterogeneities of initial stresses or material properties. The energetics of such elongated ruptures is radically different from that of conventional circular crack models: they feature [...]
The effect of stress changes on time-dependent earthquake probabilities for the central Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA.
Published: 2019-03-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Static and quasi-static Coulomb stress changes produced by large earthquakes can modify the probability of occurrence of subsequent events on neighboring faults. This approach is based on physical (Coulomb stress changes) and statistical (probability calculations) models, which are influenced by the quality and quantity of data available in the study region. Here, we focus on the Wasatch Fault [...]
A secondary zone of uplift due to megathrust earthquakes
Published: 2019-03-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The 1960 M9.5 Valdivia and 1964 M9.2 Alaska earthquakes caused a decimeters-high secondary zone of uplift a few hundred kilometers landward of the trench. We analyze GPS data from the 2010 M8.8 Maule and 2011 M9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquakes to confirm the existence of a secondary zone of uplift due to great earthquakes at the megathrust interface. This uplift varies in magnitude and location, but [...]
The 2018-2019 seismo-volcanic crisis east of Mayotte, Comoros islands: seismicity and ground deformation markers of an exceptional submarine eruption
Published: 2019-03-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
On May 10th, 2018, an unprecedented long and intense seismic crisis started offshore, east of Mayotte, the easternmost of the Comoros volcanic islands. The population felt hundreds of events. Over the course of one year, 32 earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5 occurred, including the largest event ever recorded in the Comoros (Mw = 5.9 on May 15th, 2018). Earthquakes are clustered in space [...]
Can a Raspberry Shake Seismic Network Complement a National Seismic Network? A case study in Haiti
Published: 2019-02-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Complex networks of high-tech sensors are tough to operate and maintain in developing countries – but new low-costs, low-maintenance instruments may help. Because they are “connected objects” they also provide new opportunities to engage the civil society in citizen-science. Here we describe a seismological instrumentation experiment in Haiti with sensors that cost less than 500$ and can be [...]
Bayesian Dynamic Finite-Fault Inversion: 2. Application to the 2016 Mw6.2 Amatrice, Italy, Earthquake
Published: 2019-02-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In 2016 Central Italy was struck by a sequence of three normal faulting earthquakes with moment magnitude (Mw) larger than 6. The Mw 6.2 Amatrice event (08/24) was the first one, causing building collapse and about 300 casualties. The event was recorded by a uniquely dense network of seismic stations. Here we perform its dynamic source inversion to infer the fault friction parameters and stress [...]
Coupled, Physics-based Modeling Reveals Earthquake Displacements are Critical to the 2018 Palu, Sulawesi Tsunami
Published: 2019-02-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The September 2018, Mw 7.5 Sulawesi earthquake occurring on the Palu-Koro strike-slip fault system was followed by an unexpected localized tsunami. We show that direct earthquake-induced uplift and subsidence could have sourced the observed tsunami within Palu Bay. To this end, we use a physics-based, coupled earthquake-tsunami modeling framework tightly constrained by observations. The model [...]
Modeling megathrust earthquakes across scales: one-way coupling from geodynamics and seismic cycles to dynamic rupture
Published: 2019-02-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Taking the full complexity of subduction zones into account is important for realistic modelling and hazard assessment of subduction zone seismicity and associated tsunamis. Studying seismicity requires numerical methods that span a large range of spatial and temporal scales. We present the first coupled framework that resolves subduction dynamics over millions of years and earthquake dynamics [...]