Preprints
Search for earthquake (526 results)
Disruption of Long-Term Effusive-Explosive Activity at Santiaguito, Guatemala
Published: 2018-10-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Rapid transitions in eruptive activity during lava dome eruptions pose significant challenges for monitoring and hazard assessment efforts. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic evolution of active lava dome systems requires extensive multi-parametric datasets to fully constrain and understand rapid shifts in eruptive behavior, but few such datasets have been compiled. The Santiaguito lava [...]
Seismic observation of tsunami at island broadband stations
Published: 2018-10-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Previous studies have reported seismic observations of tsunami recorded at island broadband stations. Coastal loading by the tsunami can explain them. For further quantification, we model tsunami propagation assuming an axisymmetric structure: a conical island with a flat ocean floor. The total tsunami wavefield can be represented by superposition between an incident tsunami wave and the [...]
Earthquake early warning using future generation gravity strainmeters
Published: 2018-09-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Recent studies reported the observation of prompt elastogravity signals during the 2011 M9.1 Tohoku earthquake, recorded with broadband seismometers and gravimeter between the rupture onset and the arrival of the seismic waves. Here we show that to extend the range of magnitudes over which the gravity perturbations can be observed and reduce the time needed for their detection, high-precision [...]
Earthquake Swarms and Slow Slip on a Sliver Fault in the Mexican Subduction Zone
Published: 2018-08-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Mexican Subduction Zone is an ideal location for studying subduction processes due to the short trench-to-coast distances that bring broad portions of the seismogenic and transition zones of the plate interface inland. Using a recently generated seismicity catalog from a local network in Oaxaca, we identified 20 swarms of earthquakes (M<5) from 2006-2012. Swarms outline what appears to be [...]
Landers 1992 "reloaded": Integrative dynamic earthquake rupture modeling
Published: 2018-08-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The 1992 $M_w$ 7.3 Landers earthquake is perhaps one of the best studied seismic events. However, many aspects of the dynamics of the rupture process are still puzzling, e.g. the rupture transfer between fault segments. We present 3D spontaneous dynamic rupture simulations, incorporating the interplay of fault geometry, topography, 3D rheology, off- fault plasticity and viscoelastic attenuation. [...]
Weak and slow, strong and fast: How shear zones evolve in a dry continental crust (Musgrave Ranges, Central Australia)
Published: 2018-08-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The strike-slip Davenport Shear Zone in Central Australia developed during the Petermann Orogeny (~ 550 Ma) in an intracontinental lower crustal setting under dry sub-eclogite facies conditions (~ 650 °C, 1.2 GPa). This ca. 5 km wide mylonite zone encloses several large low-strain domains, allowing a detailed study of the initiation of shear zones and their progressive development. [...]
Intraplate seismic events off Sumatra: 3-D source evolution
Published: 2018-08-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Four large, dominantly strike-slip, earthquakes have occurred in recent years in the Wharton Basin off the coast of Sumatra. The southernmost was the Mw 7.9 event on 2000 June 18, followed by the largest known intraplate earthquake – the Mw 8.6 event on 2012 April 11, with an Mw 8.2 ‘aftershock’ within a few hours. The most recent Mw 7.8 event on 2016 March 2 happened in an area with no [...]
Backprojection to image slip
Published: 2018-08-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Waveform backprojection is a key technique of earthquake-source imaging, which has been widely used for extracting information of earthquake source evolution that cannot be obtained by kinematic source inversion. The technique enjoys considerable popularity, owing to the simplicity of its implementation and the robustness of its processing, but the physical meaning of backprojection images has [...]
Dynamic viability of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake cascade on weak crustal faults
Published: 2018-07-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a dynamic rupture model of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake to unravel the event’s riddles in a physics-based manner and provide insight on the mechanical viability of competing hypotheses proposed to explain them. Our model reproduces key characteristics of the event and constraints puzzling features inferred from high-quality observations including a large gap separating surface [...]
SITE RESPONSE ACROSS THE LOS ANGELES BASIN FROM AMBIENT NOISE RECORDED BY A HIGH DENSITY ARRAY
Published: 2018-07-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sedimentary basins, such as the Los Angeles basin, can substantially amplify ground motion and increase its duration. To account for site response and develop better seismic hazard assessment and mitigation, it is essential to determine site characteristics across the basin at a high spatial resolution. We investigate site response within the Los Angeles Basin through the application of the [...]
Using Dark Fiber and Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Near-Surface Characterization and Broadband Seismic Event Detection
Published: 2018-07-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present the first case study demonstrating the use of regional unlit fiber-optic telecommunication infrastructure (dark fiber) and distributed acoustic sensing for broadband seismic monitoring of both near-surface soil properties and earthquake seismology. We recorded 7 months of passive seismic data on a 27 km section of dark fiber stretching [...]
The rupture extent of low frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, CA
Published: 2018-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that constitute tectonic tremor are often inferred to be slow: to have durations of 0.2 to 0.5 s, a factor of 10 to 100 longer than those of typical Mw 1-2 earthquakes. Here we examine LFEs near Parkfield, CA in order to assess several proposed explanations for LFEs long durations. We determine LFE rupture areas and location distributions using a new approach, [...]
Stress change before and after the 2011 M9 Tohoku-oki earthquake
Published: 2018-07-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Megathrust systems hold important clues for our understanding of long- and short-term plate boundary dynamics, and the 2011 M9 Tohoku-oki earthquake provides a data-rich case in point. Here, we show that the F-net moment tensor catalog indicates systematic changes in crustal stress in the years leading up to the M9, due to the co-seismic effect, and for the last few years due to [...]
Coseismic extension recorded within the damage zone of the Vado di Ferruccio Thrust Fault, Central Apennines, Italy
Published: 2018-07-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Recent high resolution hypocentral localisation along active fault systems in the Central Apennines illuminates the activation of seismogenic volumes dipping at low angle (<30°) in extensional settings overprinting contractional deformations affecting the continental crust of the Adria microplate. Individuation of the geological structures and of the fault processes associated with these [...]
Coulomb pre-stress and fault bends: ignored yet vital factors for earthquake triggering
Published: 2018-06-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Successive locations of individual large earthquakes (Mw>5.5) over years to centuries can be difficult to explain with simple Coulomb stress transfer (CST), because seismicity can miss out nearest-neighbour along-strike faults where coseismic CST increases are greatest. We show that “Coulomb pre-stress” may explain this, because magnitudes are >±50 bars if interseismic loading and local [...]