Preprints
Search for earthquake (514 results)
Ice shelf rift propagation and the mechanics of wave-induced fracture
Published: 2017-11-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Distant storms, tsunamis, and earthquakes generate waves on floating ice shelves. Previous studies, however, have disagreed about whether the resulting wave-induced stresses may cause ice shelf rift propagation. Most ice shelf rifts show long periods of dormancy suggesting that they have low background stress concentrations and may therefore be susceptible to wave-induced stresses. Here, I [...]
Lithospheric flexure and rheology determined by climate cycle markers in the Corinth Rift
Published: 2017-11-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Geomorphic strain markers accumulating the effects of many earthquake cycles help to constrain the mechanical behaviour of continental rift systems as well as the related seismic hazards. In the Corinth Rift (Greece), the unique record of onshore and offshore markers of Pleistocene ~100-ka climate cycles provides an outstanding possibility to constrain rift mechanics over a range of timescales. [...]
The role of coseismic Coulomb stress changes in shaping the hard-link between normal fault segments
Published: 2017-11-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The mechanism and evolution of fault linkage is important in the growth and development of large faults. Here we investigate the role of coseismic stress changes in shaping the hard-links between parallel normal fault segments (or faults), by comparing numerical models of the Coulomb stress change from simulated earthquakes on two en echelon fault segments to natural observations of hard-linked [...]
Rupture Process during the Mw 8.1 2017 Chiapas Mexico Earthquake: Shallow Intraplate Normal Faulting by Slab Bending
Published: 2017-11-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A seismic source model for the Mw 8.1 2017 Chiapas, Mexico, earthquake was constructed by kinematic waveform inversion using globally observed teleseismic waveforms, suggesting that the earthquake was a normal-faulting event on a steeply dipping plane, with the major slip concentrated around a relatively shallow depth of 28 km. The modeled rupture evolution showed unilateral, down-dip propagation [...]
Throw Rate Variability on Gravity-Driven Normal Faults; Constraints from the Gudrun Fault, South Viking Graben, Offshore Norway
Published: 2017-11-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The growth and throw rate variability on normal faults can reflect fault interaction, plate tectonic forces and, in gravity-driven systems, variations in sediment loading. Because earthquakes may occur as faults slip, it is important to understand what processes influence throw rate variability on normal faults to be able to predict seismic hazards in extensional terranes. Furthermore, the rate [...]
Computationally Efficient Tsunami Modelling on Graphics Processing Units (GPU)
Published: 2017-11-13
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydraulic Engineering, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tsunamis generated by earthquakes commonly propagate as long waves in the deep ocean and develop into sharp-fronted surges moving rapidly towards the coast in shallow water, which may be effectively simulated by hydrodynamic models solving the nonlinear shallow water equations (SWEs). However, most of the existing tsunami models suffer from long simulation time for large-scale real-world [...]
Pseudotachylyte as field evidence for lower crustal earthquakes during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (Musgrave Block, Central Australia)
Published: 2017-11-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Geophysical evidence for lower continental crustal earthquakes in almost all collisional orogens is in conflict with the widely accepted notion that rocks, under high grade conditions, should flow rather than fracture. Pseudotachylytes are remnants of frictional melts generated during seismic slip and can therefore be used as an indicator of former seismogenic fault zones. The Fregon Domain in [...]
Rifts and Rifted Margins: A Review of Geodynamic Processes and Natural Hazards
Published: 2017-11-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
This review provides an introduction to the geodynamic processes that influence tectonic rift evolution and rifted margin architecture. With a strong focus on numerical modeling, I summarize classical and recent insights on rift evolution with differentiation between 2D and 3D concepts and models. One of the key processes during rift evolution is crust-mantle coupling, which controls not only the [...]
Seismotectonics of a diffuse plate boundary: Observations off the Sumatra-Andaman trench
Published: 2017-11-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic slip extends from maximum expected depth through the crust in 45-75 Ma oceanic lithosphere in the Indo-Australian intraplate region off the Sumatra-Andaman trench. Large (magnitude greater than 7) strike-slip earthquakes in this region can rupture multiple differently oriented faults. Rupture directivity modeling provides tentative support for active east-west oriented faults.
The 2015 MW 7.1 Earthquake on the Charlie-Gibbs Transform Fault: Repeating Earthquakes and Multi-modal Slip on a Slow Oceanic Transform
Published: 2017-11-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The slow spreading rate Charlie-Gibbs Atlantic transform fault slips in large (M~7) quasi-repeating earthquakes. The foreshocks, aftershocks, and unilateral rupture of the 2015 earthquake are similar to a 1974 earthquake on the same transform. The findings of this study are consistent with transform earthquakes starting small near the ridge and large slip asperities nearer to the transform center.
Iterative Strategies for Aftershock Classification in Automatic Seismic Processing Pipelines
Published: 2017-11-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Aftershock sequences following very large earthquakes present enormous challenges to near‐real‐time generation of seismic bulletins. The increase in analyst resources needed to relocate an inflated number of events is compounded by failures of phase‐association algorithms and a significant deterioration in the quality of underlying, fully automatic event bulletins. Current processing pipelines [...]
Locating Seismicity on the Arctic Plate Boundary Using Multiple-Event Techniques and Empirical Signal Processing
Published: 2017-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The oceanic boundary separating the Eurasian and North American plates between 70 and 84 degrees North hosts large earthquakes which are well recorded teleseismically, and many more seismic events at far lower magnitudes that are well recorded only at regional distances. Existing seismic bulletins have considerable spread and bias resulting from limited station coverage and deficiencies in the [...]
The 11 October 2010 Novaya Zemlya Earthquake: Implications for Velocity Models and Regional Event Location
Published: 2017-11-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Characterizing the seismicity of Novaya Zemlya and the surrounding Arctic seas requires accurate event‐location estimates. Low‐magnitude events in this region are currently observed only by a small number of stations in the European Arctic, with a large azimuthal gap, making the accuracy of regional velocity models all the more important. Regional travel‐time calibration is difficult given the [...]
Illuminating the seismicity pattern of the October 8, 2005, M = 7.6 Kashmir earthquake aftershocks
Published: 2017-11-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The M=7.6 October 8, 2005, Kashmir earthquake generated thousands of aftershocks. Existing catalogs are coarse, omitting data from key stations and not correcting bias. We target arrivals on unexploited regional stations with optimized signal processing. A multiple event Bayesian relocation results in far more structured clusters of seismicity. All arrival data for the Bayesloc program is [...]
A systematic study of earthquake detectability using Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide-Swath data
Published: 2017-11-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Sentinel-1 mission comprises two synthetic aperture radar satellites, each with a 12 day orbital repeat, orbiting 6 days apart within a narrow tube. The mission design promises the ability to respond quickly to earthquakes with InSAR, and to facilitate production of interferograms with good interferometric correlation globally. We report on our efforts to study global seismicity using [...]