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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Joint sensing of bedload flux and water depth by seismic data inversion

Michael C. Dietze, Sophie Lagarde, Eran Halfi, et al.

Published: 2019-08-01
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management

Rivers are the fluvial conveyor belts routing sediment across the landscape. While there are proper techniques for continuous estimates of the flux of suspended solids, constraining bedload flux is much more challenging, typically involving extensive measurement infrastructure or labour-intensive manual measurements. Seismometers are potentially valuable alternatives to in-stream devices, [...]

SediNet: A configurable deep learning model for mixed qualitative and quantitative optical granulometry

Daniel David Buscombe

Published: 2019-07-31
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

I describe a configurable machine-learning framework to estimate a suite of continuous and categorical sedimentological properties from photographic imagery of sediment, and to exemplify how machine learning can be a powerful and flexible tool for automated quantitative and qualitative measurements from remotely sensed imagery. The model is tested on a large dataset consisting of 400 images and [...]

Energetics of interfacial interactions of hydrocarbon fluids with kerogen and calcite using molecular modeling

ZELONG ZHANG, Haoran Liu, Jianwei Wang

Published: 2019-07-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Understanding the fluid-rock interactions is essential to characterize the behavior of petroleum fluids in reservoir formations. Such knowledge is difficult to obtain due to the heterogeneous nature of hydrocarbon systems. This study investigated the interactions of light oil molecules with kerogen and calcite using molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, octane and octanthiol were used as [...]

Fracture and Weakening of Jammed Subduction Shear Zones, Leading to the Generation of Slow Slip Events

Adam Beall, Ake Fagereng, Susan Ellis

Published: 2019-07-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Geodetic data have revealed that parts of subduction interfaces creep steadily or transiently. Transient slow slip events (SSEs) are typically interpreted as aseismic frictional sliding. However, SSEs may also occur via mixed visco‐brittle deformation, as observed in shear zones containing mixtures (mélange) of strong fractured clasts embedded in a weak visco‐brittle matrix. We test the [...]

Internal mouth bar variability and preservation of interflood beds in low-accommodation proximal deltaic settings (Cretaceous Dakota Group, New Mexico, USA)

Anna van Yperen, Miquel Poyatos-Moré, John Holbrook, et al.

Published: 2019-07-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Mouth bars are the fundamental architectural elements of proximal deltaic successions. Understanding their internal architecture and deciphering the relative impact and complex interaction of coastal processes (fluvial-, tide- and wave-dominated) is paramount to the interpretation of ancient deltaic successions. This is particularly challenging in low-accommodation systems, because they are [...]

The Byers Basin: Jurassic-Cretaceous tectonic and depositional evolution of the forearc deposits of the South Shetland Islands and its implications for the northern Antarctic Peninsula

Joaquin Bastias, Mauricio Calderón, Lea Israel, et al.

Published: 2019-07-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure

This paper addresses the Jurassic–Cretaceous stratigraphic evolution of fore-arc deposits exposed along the west coast of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. In the South Shetland Islands, Upper Jurassic deep-marine sediments are uncomformably overlain by a Lower Cretaceous volcaniclastic sequence that crops out on Livingston, Snow and Low islands. U-Pb zircon ages are presented for the upper [...]

The Gondwanan margin in West Antarctica: insights from Late Triassic magmatism of the Antarctic Peninsula

Joaquin Bastias, Richard Spikings, Alex Ulianov, et al.

Published: 2019-07-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Triassic orthogneisses of the Antarctic Peninsula provide evidence for the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic geological evolution of southern Gondwana within Pangaea. These rocks are sporadically exposed in southeastern Graham Land and northwestern Palmer Land, although reliable geochronological, geochemical and isotopic data are sparse. We combine new geochronological (LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb), geochemical, [...]

Analog forecasting of extreme-causing weather patterns using deep learning

Ashesh Chattopadhyay, Pedram Hassanzadeh, Ebrahim Nabizadeh

Published: 2019-07-31
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Computational Engineering, Computer Sciences, Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models require ever-growing computing time/resources, but still, have difficulties with predicting weather extremes. Here we introduce a data-driven framework that is based on analog forecasting (prediction using past similar patterns) and employs a novel deep learning pattern-recognition technique (capsule neural networks, CapsNets) and impact-based [...]

Offsetting Carbon Capture and Storage costs with methane and geothermal energy production through reuse of a depleted hydrocarbon field coupled with a saline aquifer

Jonathan Scafidi, Stuart M. V. Gilfillan

Published: 2019-07-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Co-production of methane and geothermal energy from produced subsurface brines with onsite power generation and carbon capture has been proposed as a technically feasible means to reduce the costs of offshore carbon storage sites. In such a facility, methane is degassed from produced brine, this brine is then cooled allowing the extraction of heat and then CO2 is dissolved into it for reinjection [...]

Basal melting over Subglacial Lake Ellsworth and it catchment: insights from englacial layering

Neil Ross, Martin Siegert

Published: 2019-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Deep-water ‘stable’ subglacial lakes likely contain microbial life adapted in isolation to extreme environmental conditions. How water is supplied into a subglacial lake, and how water outflows, is important for understanding these conditions. Isochronal radio-echo layers have been used to infer where melting occurs above Lake Vostok and Lake Concordia in East Antarctica but have not been used [...]

Comment on Evaristo & McDonnell, Global analysis of streamflow response to forest management

James W Kirchner, Wouter Berghuijs, Scott Allen, et al.

Published: 2019-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Hydrology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management

Forests play a key role in the water cycle, so both planting and removing forests can affect streamflow. In a recent Nature article1, Evaristo and McDonnell used a gradient-boosted-tree model to conclude that streamflow response to forest removal is predominantly controlled by the potential water storage in the landscape, and that removing the worlds forests would contribute an additional 34,098 [...]

Geostatistical characterisation of internal structure of mass-transport deposits from seismic reflection images and borehole logs

Jonathan Mark Ford, Angelo Camerlenghi

Published: 2019-07-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Seismic reflection images of mass-transport deposits often show apparently chaotic, disorded or low-reflectivity internal seismic facies. The lack of laterally coherent reflections can prevent horizon-based interpretation of internal structure. This study instead inverts for geostatistical parameters which characterise the internal heterogeneity of mass-transport deposits from depth-domain [...]

Using T. C. Chamberlins Approach for Determining the forces that Move the Earths Tectonic Plates

Jon Thoreau Scott

Published: 2019-07-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

The approach in this paper stems primarily from the application of principles of the philosophy of science to determine if current ideas on the forces of plate tectonics are plausible. The philosophic principles (1) Bacons scientific method using T. C. Chamberlins idea of examining multiple hypothesis; and (2) the characteristics of a good theory. it is shown that the driving forces of plate [...]

Giant meandering channel systems controlled by sediment supply to the deep-water Campos basin

Jacob Covault, Zoltan Sylvester, Daniel Carruthers, et al.

Published: 2019-07-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy

Large meandering submarine-channel systems are important conduits for mass transfer to continental margins; wider and deeper channels, with larger meanders, reflect larger sediment discharge. Some large meandering channel systems are known to receive voluminous sediment from the largest rivers in the world, such as the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Amazon, Indus, Mississippi, and Zaire (Congo); however, [...]

Considering fault interaction in estimates of absolute stress along faults in the San Gorgonio Pass region, southern California

Jennifer Beyer, Michele Lynn Cooke, Aviel Stern, et al.

Published: 2019-07-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Present-day shear tractions along faults of the San Gorgonio Pass region can be estimated from stressing rates provided by three-dimensional forward crustal deformation models. Modeled dextral shear stressing rates on the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults differ from rates resolved from the regional loading due to fault interaction. In particular, fault patches with similar orientations and [...]

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