Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Gaia: Complex Systems Prediction for Time to Adapt to Climate Shocks
Published: 2022-11-08
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A proposal, called “Gaia”, that life regulates Earth’s climate to its advantage, is partially supported by Earth’s climate history, wherein temperature fluctuations over the past ca. half billion years have mostly been small enough to protect life from extremes of climatic fluctuations, while global temperatures overall cooled during the 3.8 Ga when life was present, in spite of increased solar [...]
Geodynamically corrected Pliocene shoreline elevations in Australia consistent with mid-range projections of Antarctic ice loss
Published: 2022-11-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Mid-Pliocene represents the most recent interval in Earth history with climatic conditions similar to those expected in the coming decades. Mid-Pliocene sea-level estimates therefore provide important constraints on projections of future ice-sheet behaviour and sea-level change, but differ by tens of metres due to local distortion of paleoshorelines caused by mantle dynamics. Here, we combine [...]
CO2 transport and storage feasibility and cost study for ASEAN
Published: 2022-11-08
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology is expected to a play a significant role in reducing CO2 emissions globally. The first steps for successful deployment include identifying CO2 storage potential, determining CO2 injection rates, evaluating of CO2 transport options, estimating associated costs, and facilitating policy and regulatory frameworks. To evaluate the CCS feasibility in [...]
Tectonics is a hologram
Published: 2022-11-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
A hologram is an image in which each area contains almost all the information about the entire system. It is a metaphor commonly used for complex systems in which the whole is bigger than the sum of the parts because of self-organization. And also the whole is smaller than the sum of the parts, since the collective organization limits the behavior of dynamic features. The tectonic evolution of [...]
Dynamic Mode Decomposition for Analyzing Dynamics in Multi-phase Flow in Porous Media
Published: 2022-11-05
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
For multi-phase flow through multi-scale heterogeneous porous media, such as the pore space of rocks, the interaction between multiple immiscible fluids and an intricate network of pores, creates a wide range of dynamic flow phenomena. At larger scales i.e. scales relevant for practical applications such as carbon sequestration, this interplay of dynamic phenomena is often referred to as [...]
Quantifying dyke-induced graben and dyke structure using 3D seismic reflection data
Published: 2022-11-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
During dyke intrusion, tensile stresses concentrated within the overlying rock may lead to the formation of normal faults. These faults typically form graben-bounding pairs that are sub-parallel to, and dip toward, the upper tip of their underlying dyke. Many studies use geometric properties extracted from the surface expression of such dyke-induced faults to estimate the geometry of subsurface [...]
Geochemistry and Mineralization Study of the Stream Sediments around Agunjin area Northeastern, Nigeria
Published: 2022-11-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Agunjin lies in the Northeastern part of Kwara State, Nigeria. The study area is largely underlain by the basement complex rocks of Northeastern Nigeria. Some parts of the area had been investigated in terms of mineral deposits but stream sediment mineral potentials of the area are unknown. Eight (8) stream sediment samples were selected for the study. The stream sediments were analyzed for [...]
Paintings by Turner and Monet Depict Trends in 19th Century Air Pollution
Published: 2022-11-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Individual paintings by artists including Vincent van Gogh and Edvard Munch have been shown to depict specific atmospheric phenomena, raising the question whether longer-term environmental change influences stylistic trends in painting. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions increased to unprecedented levels during the 19th century as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, particularly in Western [...]
The forearc ophiolites of California (USA) formed during trench-parallel spreading: kinematic reconstruction of the western USA Cordillera since the Jurassic
Published: 2022-11-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ophiolites, fragments of oceanic lithosphere exposed on land, are typically found as isolated klippen in intensely deformed fold-thrust belts spanning hundreds to thousands of kilometers along-strike. Ophiolites whose geochemistry indicates that they formed above subduction zones, may have been relics of larger, once-coherent, oceanic lithosphere tracts that formed the leading edge of an upper [...]
The ice dynamic and melting response of Pine Island Ice Shelf to calving
Published: 2022-10-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sea level rise contributions from Pine Island Glacier (PIG) are strongly modulated by the backstress that its floating extension – Pine Island Ice Shelf (PIIS) – exerts on the adjoining grounded ice. The front of PIIS has recently retreated significantly via calving, and satellite and theoretical analyses have suggested further retreat is inevitable. As well as inducing an instantaneous increase [...]
Strategies for making geoscience PhD recruitment more equitable
Published: 2022-10-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Outdoor Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Doctoral study is a crucial part of the academic pipeline, but discriminatory admissions procedures disproportionately impact students from ethnic minority backgrounds. We examine how doctoral recruitment policies contribute to inequity in the geosciences and propose improvements for change.
Quantitative constraints on flood variability in the rock record.
Published: 2022-10-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Floods determine river behaviour in time and space. Yet quantitative measures of discharge variability from geological stratigraphy are sparse, even though they are critical to understand landscape sensitivity to past and future environmental change. Here we show how storm-driven river floods in the geologic past can be quantified, using Carboniferous stratigraphy as an exemplar. The geometries [...]
Reconciling the Cretaceous breakup and demise of the Phoenix Plate with East Gondwana orogenesis in New Zealand
Published: 2022-10-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Following hundreds of millions of years of subduction in all circum-Pacific margins, the Pacific Plate started to share a mid-ocean ridge connection with continental Antarctica during a Late Cretaceous south Pacific plate reorganization. This reorganization was associated with the cessation of subduction of the remnants of the Phoenix Plate along the Zealandia margin of East Gondwana, but [...]
Experimental comparisons of carbonate-associated sulfate extraction methods
Published: 2022-10-26
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) refers to trace amounts of sulfate incorporated into carbonate minerals during precipitation. CAS has been the most commonly used approach to recover the paleo-seawater sulfate sulfur isotope composition (δ34Ssw) as carbonate rocks are more common and occur in less restricted marine environments than alternative sulfate-bearing minerals (such as gypsum and [...]
A decade of in situ cosmogenic 14C in Antarctica
Published: 2022-10-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Cosmogenic nuclide measurements in glacial deposits extend our knowledge of glacier chronologies beyond the observational record. The short half-life of in situ cosmogenic 14C makes it particularly useful for studying glacier chronologies, as resulting exposure ages are less sensitive to nuclide inheritance when compared with more commonly measured, long-lived nuclides. An increasing number [...]