Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Geophysics and Seismology
Statistical rock physics inversion for assessing source rock properties from seismic signatures: an application to the Canning Basin, Australia
Published: 2025-07-15
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
Quantifying petrophysical properties and potentials of source rocks is important for subsurface modeling and characterization. However, predicting these properties using seismic signatures and well-log information is a high-dimensional, nonlinear inverse problem, and is subject to uncertainty due to data ambiguities. In this study, a statistical rock physics inversion workflow is proposed to [...]
Deglaciation history and relative sea level changes since the Last Glacial Maximum in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada
Published: 2025-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
During the last glacial period, continents and surrounding shelves in high latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere were covered by ice sheets. Their retreat during the late Pleistocene and Holocene resulted in isostatic adjustments of the previously glaciated landmass, which influenced post-glacial changes in relative sea level (RSL). Many questions, however, remain about the timing and [...]
Assessing the impact of automatically derived depth phases on the determination of earthquake hypocentres – application to the South America subduction zone
Published: 2025-07-07
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Accurate earthquake hypocentres are fundamental to a wide range of geophysical studies, yet source depth remains poorly constrained in teleseismic earthquake catalogues. Near source surface reflections such as pP, sP, and sS (known as depth phases) provide critical information for resolving hypocentral depth, particularly for intermediate-depth earthquakes. The number of depth phases reported by [...]
A quasi-real-time system for automatic local event monitoring in Germany
Published: 2025-07-07
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We present TieBeNN, a wrapper that integrates open-source, state-of-the-art seismic monitoring tools, including advanced machine learning--based approaches, to enhance the German Federal Seismological Survey’s (EdB) automatic real-time earthquake monitoring system. TieBeNN extends the existing workflow by adding automatic, probabilistic focal depth estimation using NonLinLoc and introduces a [...]
Generative geomodelling: Deep Learning vs. Geostatistics
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Generative geomodelling aims to simulate subsurface facies distributions while honoring multiple types of conditioning data and geological knowledge. This study selects three typical multiple-point statistics (MPS) approaches—Direct Sampling (DS), Quick Sampling (QS), and SNESIM—and two Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) workflows—post-GANs perturbation and GANSim—as representatives to compare [...]
Deformation, Strains and Velocities for the Alpine Himalayan Belt from trans-continental Sentinel-1 InSAR & GNSS
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Surface velocities and strain rates from satellite geodesy have become essential tools for understanding the distribution of tectonic deformation, faulting and seismic hazard. However, across large regions of distributed continental deformation, such as the Alpine-Himalayan Belt, data are only sparsely available. While previous studies have mainly used spatially sparse GNSS to measure deformation [...]
Local Seismicity: Matched Filter Detection Routine with Synthetic Templates using 1D velocity model
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
This study evaluates the performance of Synthetic Template Matching for seismic event detection in the West Bohemia region (Czechia), comparing it with two established methods: the automated detector-locator PEPiN and an Artificial Neural Network. Synthetic templates are generated using a 1D velocity model and span a grid of five fundamental focal mechanisms (FMs), independent of any prior [...]
Curved fault slip captured by CCTV video during the 2025 Mw 7.7 Mandalay earthquake
Published: 2025-06-16
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
On-fault geological observations from surface breaking earthquakes typically contain curved slickenlines, suggesting fault slip is curved. However, slickenlines commonly record only a fraction of coseismic slip, making it difficult to reconstruct the full slip trajectory. Near-fault seismic records, though capable of capturing ground motions associated with rupture, are limited in their ability [...]
Hellenic Arc tsunami generation from Mw8+ 3D margin-wide dynamic rupture earthquake scenarios
Published: 2025-06-16
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
The Hellenic Arc subduction zone is the most seismically active region in the Mediterranean, capable of generating large earthquakes and tsunami. Given the proximity of densely populated coastlines, understanding the characteristics of potential future large tsunamigenic earthquakes is crucial for assessing tsunami hazard. We present non-linear shallow water tsunami simulations sourced from the [...]
A Method for the Prediction of Seismic Discontinuity Topography from Thermochemical Mantle Circulation Models
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We demonstrate a method for the prediction of seismic discontinuity topography from thermochemical Mantle Circulation Models (MCMs). We find the discontinuity depth by using the peak reflectivity at each location in our mid-mantle, taking account of compositional as well as thermal variations. We make some comparisons of our predicted topographies with those observed using SS-precursors, [...]
Archaean basalts record evidence of lithospheric extension prior to cratonisation
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology
The dynamics of Earth’s early mantle remain enigmatic. A wide range of tectonic settings have been proposed for the Archaean eon prior to cratonisation, a time from which few samples are preserved in the geological record. Here, we reexamine this topic by estimating temperatures and depths of melt generation in the late Archaean mantle using a new geochemical data compilation of mafic igneous [...]
Solution of the Bloch Equation Based on Spectral Diagonalization and Matrix Exponential Integration: Modeling of SSFP for SNMR
Published: 2025-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Soil Science
We present a spectral-diagonalization-based matrix exponential integration (SD-MEI) algorithm for efficient and stable solutions of fully coupled Bloch equations in surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR). Conventional explicit numerical methods exhibit cumulative discretization errors and escalating computational costs due to step-size dependence and finite precision limitations. SD-MEI [...]
Theoretical background for full-waveform inversion with distributed acoustic sensing and integrated strain sensing
Published: 2025-04-30
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful imaging technique that produces high-resolution subsurface models. In seismology, FWI workflows are traditionally based on seismometer recordings. The development of fibre-optic sensing presents opportunities for harnessing information from new types of measurements. With dense spatial and temporal sampling, fibre-optic sensing captures the seismic [...]
Landscape signature of seismogenic faults in the off- and onshore domains of the Noto Peninsula in Japan’s back-arc
Published: 2025-04-27
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
The eastern margin of the Sea of Japan is a zone of great seismic and tsunami hazard due to multiple offshore and nearshore reverse faults as shown by the 2024 Mw 7.5 Noto Peninsula Earthquake. Here we compare coseismic deformation of the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake with 4767 individual marine terraces attributed to 16 sea-level stands over the last Myr. This reveals that the earthquake faults [...]
Dual-Layer Gradient-Boosted Equivalent Sources for Magnetic Data
Published: 2025-04-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Magnetic data often require interpolation onto a regular grid at constant height before further analysis. A widely used approach for this is the equivalent sources technique, which has been adapted over time to improve its computational efficiency and accuracy of the predictions. However, many of these adaptations still face challenges, including border effects in the predictions or reliance on a [...]