Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Hydrology
Using Physiography as a Lens to Understand Stream Network Expansion and Contraction Across Spatiotemporal Scales
Published: 2025-06-24
Subjects: Hydrology
Non-perennial streams (i.e., streams that cease flowing regularly across time or space) comprise 60% of the global river network and play an important role in the physical, chemical, and biological functions of downstream waters. However, predicting the dynamic spatiotemporal patterns of network expansion and contraction remains a key challenge across regulatory, practitioner, and research [...]
Generative geomodelling: Deep Learning vs. Geostatistics
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Generative geomodelling aims to simulate subsurface facies distributions while honoring multiple types of conditioning data and geological knowledge. This study selects three typical multiple-point statistics (MPS) approaches—Direct Sampling (DS), Quick Sampling (QS), and SNESIM—and two Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) workflows—post-GANs perturbation and GANSim—as representatives to compare [...]
Lagged impacts of groundwater pumping on streamflow due to stream drying: Incorporation into analytical streamflow depletion estimation methods
Published: 2025-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Water management often requires accounting for reductions in streamflow caused by groundwater pumping (‘streamflow depletion’). Since streamflow depletion cannot be quantified from observational data, it is typically modeled. Analytical depletion functions (ADFs) are a low-cost, low-complexity approach for estimating streamflow depletion with utility for decision support, but ADFs adopt several [...]
Operational Flood Forecasting System in Denmark – Integrating Groundwater and Surface-water
Published: 2025-06-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology
Most operational flood forecasting systems provide predictions of pluvial and fluvial floods, often neglecting groundwater flooding processes. Groundwater flooding occurs when natural drainage system cannot drain water away quick enough, causing the water table to rise above ground. This study presents an operational integrated flood forecasting system that combines surface water and groundwater [...]
Turbulent Snow Transport and Accumulation: New Reduced-Order Models and Diagnostics
Published: 2025-05-15
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Dynamical Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Glaciology, Hydrology, Meteorology, Non-linear Dynamics
Understanding and modeling snow particle dynamics in the atmosphere remains a significant challenge for atmospheric scientists, hydrologists, and glaciologists. Temporally and spatially varying rates of snow transport, deposition, and erosion are driven by atmospheric turbulence and further complicated by inertial particle dynamics. Even with perfectly resolved wind fields, accurately predicting [...]
Solution of the Bloch Equation Based on Spectral Diagonalization and Matrix Exponential Integration: Modeling of SSFP for SNMR
Published: 2025-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Soil Science
We present a spectral-diagonalization-based matrix exponential integration (SD-MEI) algorithm for efficient and stable solutions of fully coupled Bloch equations in surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR). Conventional explicit numerical methods exhibit cumulative discretization errors and escalating computational costs due to step-size dependence and finite precision limitations. SD-MEI [...]
Decision-making under uncertainty for shallow geothermal systems in complex subsurface settings: application to a low-transmissivity aquifer
Published: 2025-05-08
Subjects: Geology, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Sustainability
Excess thermal energy can be stored in the subsurface and recovered when needed to heat and cool buildings sustainably. Aquifer thermal energy storage systems (ATES) are gaining popularity worldwide. Most operational systems are located in thick productive aquifers. Their efficiency and wide applicability have been proven and there is now a tendency to explore more complex settings. Aquifers with [...]
Temporal convolutional networks for subsidence prediction in snowy regions
Published: 2025-04-29
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Hydrology, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series, Sustainability
This paper introduces a model based on a temporal convolutional network (TCN) for predicting future land subsidence caused by groundwater pumping for snow melting. Developed using historical snowfall and cumulative subsidence data from Joetsu City, Japan, the model demonstrates satisfactory performance in predicting observed land subsidence. The results suggest that TCNs are effective for [...]
From natural variability to flow homogenisation: how dams, water diversions, and climate change reduced seasonal flows in Australia’s Murrumbidgee River
Published: 2025-04-25
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
River regulation and climate change have profoundly altered seasonal flow dynamics globally, with cascading ecological impacts on freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity. Magnitude and timing are key components of the flow regime, connecting rivers with floodplains and driving feeding and breeding cues for aquatic organisms. We investigated the separate and combined effects of water resource [...]
A comprehensive calibration framework for the Northwest River Forecast Center
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Hydrology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering
In this paper we present a comprehensive framework developed by the Northwest River Forecast Center (NWRFC) for calibration of arbitrary hydrologic basins. The framework includes hydrology, snow, routing, channel loss, and consumptive use models. Data inputs include a wide range of open access datasets for land use, land cover, and meteorology. The framework can handle basins with diverse [...]
Floods and Water Management in Chiang Mai and the Upper Ping catchment, Northern Thailand
Published: 2025-04-17
Subjects: Geomorphology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Water Resource Management
The city of Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand has been subject to regular major floods in the past couple of decades. In this review, we provide some background information on the hydrology of Upper Ping river catchment, the hydrogeology of the Chiang Mai – Lamphun basin, historical records of hydrological events in the area and more recent depictions of major floods. In the second part of this [...]
Assessing legacy nitrogen in groundwater using numerical models of the Long Island aquifer system, New York
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Nitrogen transported along groundwater flow paths in coastal aquifers can contribute substantially to nitrogen loading into surface water receptors, particularly in hydrologic systems dominated by groundwater discharge. Nitrogen entrained in the aquifer is a function of land use and associated nitrogen sources at the time of groundwater recharge, which may differ considerably from present-day [...]
Assessing the effectiveness of irrigator-driven groundwater conservation programs to drought: a case study of the northwestern Kansas Local Enhanced Management Areas
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Agriculture, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Groundwater pumping for irrigation has led to declining groundwater levels in agricultural areas around the world, including the U.S. High Plains Aquifer. Here, we used a process-based crop model, AquaCrop, to assess the effectiveness of different irrigation management strategies during a synthetic multi-year drought. We focused on the Groundwater Management District 4 Local Enhanced Management [...]
Salinas Valley Integrated Hydrologic and Reservoir Operations Models, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, California Pre-Print
Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Hydrology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
The area surrounding the Salinas Valley groundwater basin in Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties of California is a highly productive agricultural area, contributes significantly to the local economy, and provides a substantial portion of vegetables and other agricultural commodities to the Nation. This region of California provides about half of the Nation’s lettuce, celery, broccoli, and [...]
Enhancing the Normalized Difference Water Index for Improved Urban Flood Detection
Published: 2025-03-21
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resource Economics, Other Earth Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Accurate urban flood detection is crucial for effective disaster management and urban planning. Traditional indices like the Normalized Difference Water Index and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index often produce inaccurate results due to spectral confusion in urban areas and sensitivity to shadows. Moreover, MNDWI's reliance on the Shortwave Infrared band limits its use with certain [...]