Preprints
There are 5987 Preprints listed.
Is there Information in Residuals: Hydrograph and Recession Flows Predictions using Deep Learning?
Published: 2023-06-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines streamflow simulations using deep learning (DL) to: (1) Understand why global DL models trained on multiple watersheds outperform local DL models trained on single watersheds, given the watershed uniqueness hypothesis and (2) Improve recession flow simulation accuracy. It introduces a novel global-local (GL) modeling strategy, where global model outputs are fed as input to a [...]
A framework for the estimation of uncertainties and spectral error correlation in Sentinel-2 Level-2A data products
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Monitoring
The Copernicus Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite mission acquires high spatial resolution optical imagery over land and coastal areas. Delivering uncertainty estimates and spectral error correlation alongside S2 data products facilitates the constrain of retrieval algorithms, propagates further downstream the retrieval uncertainty, and fifinally makes informed decisions to end-users. This study [...]
Key predictors for climate policy support and political mobilization: The role of beliefs and preferences
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Public support and political mobilization are two crucial factors for the adoption of ambitious climate policies in line with the international greenhouse gas reduction targets of the Paris Agreement. Despite their compound importance, they are mainly studied separately. Using a random forest machine-learning model, this article investigates the relative predictive power of key established [...]
Glacial Isostatic Adjustment modelling of the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand of Singapore and Southeast Asia
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The mid-Holocene sea-level highstand refers to the development of higher-than-present relative sea levels (RSLs) in far-field regions between 7,000 and 4,000 years ago because of equatorial ocean syphoning and continental levering. The timing, magnitude and spatial variability of the highstand are uncertain and the highstand parameterization in Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) modelling is [...]
Does Productive Safety Net Program Enhance Livelihoods? Insights from Vulnerable Households in Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Agriculture
The impact of Productive Safety Net Programs (PSNPs) on food security, poverty, and livelihoods has been examined in several studies. While some studies found positive impacts on food security and agricultural productivity, there are still gaps in understanding the long-term effects of these programs on poverty reduction and food security. This study aims to investigate the impact of PSNP on the [...]
Tectonic-metamorpic evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A wealth of information regarding the Mesozoic evolution of the Northern Canadian and Alaskan Cordillera is held within a series of variably metamorphosed and deformed Jura-Cretaceous basins. Located at the interface between the pericratonic Intermontane and exotic Insular terranes, these basins may prove key to understanding the timing and tectonic style of Insular terrane accretion, a topic of [...]
State-Level Multidimensional Agricultural Drought Susceptibility and Risk Assessment for Agriculturally Prominent Areas
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Education
Due to the shifting climate, extreme events are being observed more frequently globally. Drought is one of the most common natural hazards that severely impacts communities in terms of economic losses and agricultural production disruption. Considering global trade, drought in an agricultural region affects the food security in other regions because of disrupted supply. Decision-makers often [...]
Development and validation of an Alaskan coupled storm surge, tide, wind wave, and sea ice forecasting system
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Western Alaska regularly experiences storm surge events induced by extra-tropical storms, most active during fall, winter, and spring. Among others, the presence of sea ice in Western Alaska seawater poses a challenge in modeling storm surge in this area. Existing storm surge models rarely consider sea ice effects together with wind-induced wave effects. In this paper, we present an ALaska [...]
Re-evaluating stoichiometric estimates of iron valence in magmatic clinopyroxene crystals
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Geochemistry
Clinopyroxene is a major rock forming mineral capable of incorporating diverse metal cations. As a consequence, clinopyroxene preserves valuable archives of magmatic processes. Understanding clinopyroxene is thus essential for understanding Earth’s wider chemical evolution. However, knowledge about the relative abundances of ferrous and ferric iron in magmatic clinopyroxene remains sparse because [...]
Applying Machine Learning to Characterize and Transport the Relationship Between Seismic Structure and Surface Heat Flux
Published: 2023-06-15
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology
Geothermal heat flux beneath the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets is an important boundary condition for ice sheet dynamics. Subglacial heat flux is rarely measured directly, so it has been inferred indirectly from proxies (e.g. seismic structure, magnetic Curie depth, surface topography). We seek to improve understanding of the relationship between heat flux and one such proxy---seismic [...]
Iron valence systematics in clinopyroxene crystals from ocean island basalts
Published: 2023-06-15
Subjects: Geochemistry
The valence state of Fe plays a vital role in setting and recording the oxidation state of magmas, commonly expressed in terms of oxygen fugacity (fO2 ). However, our knowledge of how and why fO2 varies within and between magmatic systems remains patchy because of diverse challenges associated with estimating the valence state of Fe in glasses and minerals routinely. Here we investigate Fe [...]
Geochemistry, classification characteristics and mineralization potential of Pegmatites from Oke Ode, Kwara-State, Northeastern, Nigeria: implications for provenance and weathering history
Published: 2023-06-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geochemical analysis of eight (8) representative pegmatite samples reveals high silica (SiO2) 56-62.05 wt % and alumina (Al2O3) 6.80-8.39 wt % contents. The alumina (Al2O3) is greater than the alkali Na2O + K2O +CaO in all the rock samples by values ranging between 0.79 and 1.25wt % implying that the rocks are peraluminous. MgO (0.00-0.00wt%), CaO (1.65-1.86wt %) and Fe2O3 (2.89-3.86 wt %) have [...]
Modeling the behaviour of sulfur in magmatic systems from source to surface: Application to Whakaari/White Island, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Etna, Italy
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Our understanding of the role of volcanoes in the global sulfur cycle and how volcanic gas emissions can be used to monitor volcanoes is limited by the complex interactions between hydrothermal systems and volcanic sulfur emissions. Hydrothermal systems influence the amount and speciation of volcanogenic sulfur, which is ultimately released to the surface/atmosphere via a range of physicochemical [...]
Automated detecting, segmenting and measuring of grains in images of fluvial sediments: The potential for large and precise data from specialist deep learning models and transfer learning
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The size of sedimentary particles in rivers bears information on the sediment entrainment or deposition mechanisms and the hydraulic conditions controlling them. However, collecting such data from coarse-grained sediments is work intensive, both in the field and remotely. Therefore, attention has turned to machine learning models to improve the data acquisition. Despite their success, current [...]
Innovating and networking global geochemical data resources through OneGeochemistry
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Databases and Information Systems, Geochemistry, Geology, Planetary Biogeochemistry, Planetary Geochemistry, Planetary Geology, Volcanology
A vision of the not-to-distant future: Imagine yourself as a researcher who is making plans for fieldwork in the Andes Mountains. You are behind your computer and load a three-dimensional visualisation of the Earth and its geology to investigate the research already done in the southern Patagonian regions. You zoom in to the mountain range of interest and select various data layers to show [...]