Preprints
There are 4724 Preprints listed.
The Challenge of Spatial Information Accessibility for Agricultural Policies: Case of Pakistan
Published: 2021-10-11
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Databases and Information Systems, Geographic Information Sciences, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Water Resource Management
Agriculture is directly linked to the socioeconomic development of every region. Agriculture impacts us all, whether we are seeking food security, better health or striving to conserve natural resources. Goal 2 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) underlines the significance of agriculture as a means to achieve food security. United Nations in its recently published report titled "World [...]
Deadly Heat Exposure in an Urbanized World
Published: 2021-10-11
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Sustainability
Climate-change exposes an increasing share of the world population to potentially lethal heat, a threat accentuated by rapid urbanization. Here, we project occurrence of future deadly heat for urban agglomerations around the world until 2080 by using CMIP6 climate model projections of temperature and relative humidity, urbanization prospects and GDP projections from the SSP scenarios. We show [...]
The 2021 SSP scenarios of the IMAGE 3.2 model
Published: 2021-10-11
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathways) scenarios are intensively used in climate and environmental research to explore uncertain future developments and possible response strategies. This paper briefly describes an update of the SSP scenarios generated by the IMAGE 3.2 model. The paper presents the changes in method and key scenario updates. As such, it serves as a key reference for the updated [...]
The sulfur solubility minimum and maximum in silicate melt
Published: 2021-10-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The behaviour of sulfur in magmas is complex because it dissolves as both sulfide (S2-) and sulfate (S6+) in silicate melt. An interesting aspect in the behaviour of sulfur is the solubility minima (SSmin) and maxima (SSmax) with varying oxygen fugacity (fO2). We use a simple ternary model (silicate–S2–O2) to explore the varying fO2 paths where these phenomena occur. Both SSmin and SSmax occur [...]
The Evolution of National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Pakistan - Implementation Challenges and the Way Forward
Published: 2021-10-09
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Geospatial data are produced by several organizations located at various places, and that is clearly a distributed environment. Many technical and institutional issues need to be resolved to share data in such an environment and to eventually enable regional development. For this matter, many countries implement Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) for the last 40 years. Since 2010, also Pakistan [...]
Grain shape effects in bed load sediment transport
Published: 2021-10-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geomorphology
Bed load sediment transport, in which wind or water flowing over a bed of sediment causes grains to roll or hop along the bed, is a critically important mechanism in contexts ranging from river restoration to planetary exploration. Despite its widespread occurrence, predictions of bed load sediment flux are notoriously imprecise. Many studies have focused on grain size variability as a source of [...]
Impact of climate change on volcanic processes: current understanding and future challenges
Published: 2021-10-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The impacts of volcanic eruptions on climate are increasingly well understood, but the mirror question of how climate changes affect volcanic systems and processes, which we term “climate-volcano impacts”, remains understudied. Accelerating research on this topic is critical in view of rapid climate change driven by anthropogenic activities. Over the last two decades, we have improved our [...]
Textural analysis and emplacement conditions of well-preserved Orosirian felsic volcanic rocks of Northern Amazon Craton, Brazil
Published: 2021-10-07
Subjects: Volcanology
Located in the Amazon Craton, the Uatumã magmatism (1.89-1.87 Ga) consists in one of the oldest Silicic Large Igneous Provinces (SLIPs) on Earth. For a long time, the access to these deposits in the northern Amazon Craton (Erepecuru–Trombetas Domain) has been set back for volcanological studies due to dense vegetation cover and the absence of roads. Recent studies identify two Orosirian volcanic [...]
A Review of Open Educational Resources in the Geosciences: Guidelines and Criteria
Published: 2021-10-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Science and Mathematics Education
Open Educational Resources (OER) offer a link between new trends in learning and instruction, and the promise of transparency and inclusion offered by open science practices. Open textbooks, virtual field and laboratory experiences, interactive computational environments, and openly licensed media are among the many types of OER in use today. Adoption of subject-specific OER has the potential to [...]
A proxy-model comparison for mid-Pliocene warm period hydroclimate in the Southwestern US
Published: 2021-10-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Hydroclimate proxy reconstructions and paleoclimate models of the mid-Pliocene warm period provide insight into how, under a moderate greenhouse warming scenario, Earth-system feedbacks may impact regional hydroclimate. However, in the Southwestern United States there is discord between these two types of information: proxy data have been interpreted to indicate much wetter conditions, while the [...]
Constraining clouds and convective parameterizations in a climate model from past climate
Published: 2021-10-06
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
Cloud and convective parameterizations strongly influence uncertainties in equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). We provide a proof-of-concept study to constrain these parameterizations in a perturbed parameter ensemble of the atmosphere-only version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Model E2.1 simulations by evaluating model biases in the present-day runs using multiple [...]
Foraminiferal Analysis of Holocene Sea Level Rise within the Trinity River Incised Paleo-Valley, Offshore Galveston Bay, Texas
Published: 2021-10-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Paleontology
Sea-level is expected to continue to rise in the next century, and as society prepares to deal with this hazard it is critically important to understand how coastal systems will respond, especially in regions with rapid rates of coastal erosion and relative sea-level rise like the Gulf of Mexico Texas coast. Tide gauge records in Galveston Bay, Texas, indicate that local sea level rise rates are [...]
A Mixed, Unified Forward/Inverse Framework for Earthquake Problems: Fault Implementation and Coseismic Slip Estimate
Published: 2021-10-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
We introduce a new finite-element (FE) based computational framework to solve forward and inverse elastic deformation problems for earthquake faulting via the adjoint method. Based on two advanced computational libraries, FEniCS and hIPPYlib for the forward and inverse problems, respectively, this framework is flexible, transparent, and easily extensible. We represent a fault discontinuity [...]
Fluid-driven Cyclic Reorganisation in Shallow Basaltic Fault Zones
Published: 2021-10-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure
Faults represent a critical heterogeneity in basaltic sequences, yet few studies have focused on their architectural and hydromechanical evolution. We present a detailed multi-scale characterisation of passively exhumed fault zones from the layered basalts of the Faroe Islands, which reveals cyclic stages of fault evolution. Outcrop-scale structures and fault rock distribution within the fault [...]
New insight on tide-dominated estuary and delta in the Eocene-Miocene Mrayt Group, North-Western Rif, Morocco
Published: 2021-10-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The sedimentary deposits of Eocene-Miocene Mrayt Group, North-Western Rif, Morocco has been the subject of controversy by previous worksregarding their depositional environments. Detailed sedimentological study based on petrographic study, and sedimentary facies and paleocurrent measurements analysis, leads to several results and new insights. Petrographic study provided the first evidence of [...]