Preprints
There are 5493 Preprints listed.
Machine-learning correction of the local effects on neutron monitor and muon detector count rates at Syowa Station in the Antarctic
Published: 2022-07-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays around the solar minimum in 2019-2020 looks different in the secondary neutrons and muons observed at the ground. To compare the solar modulation of primary cosmic rays in detail, we must remove the possible seasonal variations caused by the atmosphere and surrounding environment. As such surrounding environment effects, we evaluate the snow cover effect [...]
Mantle flow pattern associated with the Patagonian slab window determined from azimuthal anisotropy
Published: 2022-07-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geological processes in Southern Patagonia are affected by the Patagonian slab window, formed by the subduction of the Chile Ridge and subsequent northward migration of the Chile Triple Junction. Using shear wave splitting analysis, we observe strong splitting of up to 2.5 s with an E-W fast direction just south of the triple junction and the edge of the subducting Nazca slab. This region of [...]
Intercomparison of deep learning architectures for the prediction of precipitation fields
Published: 2022-07-07
Subjects: Education, Engineering
In recent years, the use of deep learning methods has rapidly increased in many research fields. Similarly, they have become a powerful tool within the climate scientific community. Deep learning methods have been successfully applied for different tasks, such as identification of atmospheric patterns, weather extreme classification, or weather forecasting. However, due to the inherent complexity [...]
The Role of Salt Tectonics in the Energy Transition: An Overview and Future Challenges
Published: 2022-07-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The fundamental properties of salt have long been exploited in the search for hydrocarbons, as they influence many of the hydrocarbon play elements. This industrial application has driven the pursuit of salt tectonic knowledge over the last century and led to major conceptual advances in the field. However, the current need, and social-political demand, to decarbonize suggests that the [...]
Geochemical evidence for the nonexistence of supercritical geothermal fluids at the Yangbajing geothermal field, southern Tibet
Published: 2022-07-07
Subjects: Hydrology, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Exploring and exploiting high-temperature (even supercritical) geothermal resources are significant to meet energy demands and reduce carbon emissions. The Yangbajing geothermal field is the most exploited in China, with the currently highest temperature (329.8 °C) measured in a geothermal well. However, whether there are supercritical geothermal fluids beneath the deep parts of this geothermal [...]
Mercury stable isotope composition of lichens and mosses from northern Eurasia
Published: 2022-07-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mercury (Hg) concentrations in lichens and mosses can be used as surrogates for atmospheric Hg deposition to continental surfaces. In this study we collected and analyzed Hg concentrations and isotopic composition of epiphytic tree lichens and terricolous lichens and mosses from remote locations across the Eurasian Arctic and sub-Arctic (50 to 72o N, 30 to 180o E). Total Hg (THg) concentrations [...]
Initiation of deposition in supercritical turbidity currents downstream of a slope break.
Published: 2022-07-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Turbidity currents flowing across the ocean floor encounter changes of the local bathymetry including abrupt reductions in slope gradient also known as slope breaks. Turbidity currents flowing across a slope break will change their flow dynamics and may start to deposit as a consequence. Previous experiments on turbidity currents crossing a slope break have indeed observed abrupt changes of flow [...]
Global water cycle shifts far beyond pre-industrial conditions – planetary boundary for freshwater change transgressed
Published: 2022-07-06
Subjects: Hydrology
Human actions compromise the many life-supporting functions provided by the freshwater cycle. Yet, scientific understanding of anthropogenic freshwater change and its long-term evolution is limited. Using a multi-model ensemble of global hydrological models, we estimate how, over a 145-year industrial period, streamflow and soil moisture have deviated from pre-industrial baseline conditions [...]
A geothermal heat flow model of Africa based on Random Forest Regression
Published: 2022-07-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We generate a geothermal heat flow model over Africa using random forest regression based on sixteen different geophysical and geological quantities (among them are Moho depth, Curie temperature depth, gravity anomalies, topography, and seismic wave velocities). The training of the random forest is based on direct heat flow measurements collected in the compilation of Lucazeau (2019). The final [...]
Identifying potential hotspots of land use/land cover change in the last 3 decades, Uttarakhand, NW Himalaya
Published: 2022-07-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Uttarakhand region in the NW Himalaya has experienced two extreme climatic-geomorphic events within last 10 years that killed more than 6000 people. Though these events, like many others in the Himalaya, have been attributed to climate-change and anthropogenic disturbances, identification of potential hotspots of land use/land cover change is rarely attempted to make future inferences for [...]
Reconstructing Rotomahana Basin topography to disclose the lost White Terraces─ New Zealand’s Eighth Wonder of the World
Published: 2022-07-05
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
The greatest geoscience and tourist attractions in the southern hemisphere were the Pink and White Terraces, the lost Eighth Wonder of the World. British, American and European tourists bypassed local calcareous terraces, for the sea voyage to New Zealand where the siliceous terraces astonished a global audience. Their allure remains. In 1886, the Mount Tarawera eruption buried the terraces. They [...]
Pore-scale imaging of hydrogen displacement and trapping in porous media
Published: 2022-07-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Hydrogen can act as an energy store to balance supply and demand in the renewable energy sector. Hydrogen storage in subsurface porous media could deliver high storage capacities but the volume of recoverable hydrogen is unknown. We imaged the displacement and capillary trapping of hydrogen by brine in a Clashach sandstone cylinder at 2-7 MPa pore fluid pressure using X-ray computed [...]
Seismic interferometry in the presence of an isolated noise source
Published: 2022-07-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic interferometry gives rise to a correlation wavefield that is closely related to the Green's function under the condition of uniformly distributed noise sources. In the presence of an additional isolated noise source, a second contribution to this wavefield is introduced that emerges from the isolated source location at negative lapse time. These two contributions interfere, which may bias [...]
The Lock-Down Effects of COVID-19 on the Air Pollution Indices in Iran and Its Neighbors
Published: 2022-07-02
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Near and Middle Eastern Studies, Other Statistics and Probability, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models
Introduction The Covid-19 restrictions have a lot of various peripheral negative and positive effects like economic shocks and decreasing air pollution, respectively. Many studies showed NO2 reduction in most parts of the world. Method Iran and its land and maritime neighbors have about 7.4% of the world population and 6.3% and 5.8% of World COVID-19 cases and deaths, respectively. The air [...]
The root to the Galápagos mantle plume on the core-mantle boundary
Published: 2022-07-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) are thin anomalous patches on the boundary between the Earth's core and mantle, revealed by their effects on the seismic waves that propagate through them. Here we map a broad ULVZ near the Galápagos hotspot using shear-diffracted waves. Forward modelling assuming a cylindrical shape shows the patch is ~600 km wide, ~20 km high, and its shear velocities are ~25% [...]