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Preprints

There are 5729 Preprints listed.

Slab to back-arc to arc: fluid and melt pathways through the mantle wedge beneath the Lesser Antilles

Stephen Paul Hicks, Lidong Bie, Catherine Rychert, et al.

Published: 2022-07-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

Volatiles expelled from subducted plates melt the overlying warm mantle, feeding arc volcanism. However, debates continue over the factors controlling melt generation and transport and how these determine the placement of volcanoes. To broaden our synoptic view of these fundamental mantle wedge processes, we image seismic attenuation beneath the Lesser Antilles arc, an end-member system that [...]

Single-blind validation of space-based point-source methane emissions detection and quantification

Evan David Sherwin, Jeffrey S Rutherford, Yuanlei Chen, et al.

Published: 2022-07-14
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences

Satellites are increasingly seen as a tool for identifying large greenhouse gas point sources for mitigation, but independent verification of satellite performance is needed for acceptance and use by policy makers and stakeholders. We conduct to our knowledge the first single-blind controlled methane release testing of satellite-based methane emissions detection and quantification, with five [...]

Applying a science-forward approach to groundwater regulatory design

Tom Gleeson, Xander Huggins, Deborah Curran

Published: 2022-07-14
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Nature and Society Relations

Groundwater sustainability is challenged by the difference between legal and scientific understanding of groundwater as well as the lack of focused attention to regulatory design in the literature on groundwater institutions, governance and management. The purpose of this paper is to use groundwater science to direct the necessary elements of regulatory design for the unique characteristics of [...]

Scaling the primary production of lakes

B. B. Cael, David Seekell

Published: 2022-07-13
Subjects: Environmental Sciences

Kleiber’s ¾-scaling Law for metabolism with mass is one of the most striking regularities in the biological sciences. We demonstrate that whole-lake primary production scales to the ¾-power of lake volume, consistent with Kleiber’s Law but not explicable by analogy to theories developed for individual organisms. Instead, dimensional analysis offers a simple explanation. Because Earth's topography [...]

Analytical and numerical models of viscous anisotropy: A toolset to constrain the role of mechanical anisotropy for regional tectonics and fault loading

Dunyu Liu, Simone Puel, Thorsten W. Becker, et al.

Published: 2022-07-12
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

To what extent mechanical anisotropy is required to explain the dynamics of the lithosphere is an important yet unresolved question. If anisotropy affects stress and deformation, and hence processes such as fault loading, how can we quantify its role from observations? Here, we derive analytical solutions and build a theoretical framework to explore how a shear zone with anisotropic viscosity can [...]

High-Precision Triple Oxygen Isotope Analysis of Carbon Dioxide by Tunable Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Vincent John Hare, Christoph Dyroff, David D. Nelson, et al.

Published: 2022-07-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Precision measurements of the stable isotope ratios of oxygen (18O/16O, 17O/16O) in CO2 are critical to atmospheric monitoring and terrestrial climate research. High-precision 17O measurements by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) are challenging because they require complicated sample preparation procedures, long measurement times, and relatively large samples sizes. Recently, tunable [...]

Barren ground depressions, natural H2 and orogenic gold deposits: spatial link and geochemical model

Benjamin Malvoisin, Fabrice Brunet

Published: 2022-07-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Soil Science

A review of the localities in continental rocks where H2-rich gases have been reported, showed that they are mainly located near gold deposits. Two types of geomorphological features known as markers of gas venting in sedimentary basins were also systematically observed near orogenic gold deposits on satellite images. They consist in both barren ground depressions and high densities of small (< [...]

Comparison of methods for coupled earthquake and tsunami modeling

Lauren S Abrahams, Lukas Krenz, Eric M Dunham, et al.

Published: 2022-07-09
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

Tsunami generation by offshore earthquakes is a problem of scientific interest and practical relevance, and one that requires numerical modeling for data interpretation and hazard assessment. Most numerical models utilize two-step methods with one-way coupling between separate earthquake and tsunami models, based on approximations that might limit the applicability and accuracy of the resulting [...]

I = P AT equation: the weight of the P factor in addressing climate change

Lucia Tamburino, Philip Cafaro

Published: 2022-07-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A dominant narrative is that addressing population is not relevant to mitigating climate change because population is only growing in the poorest countries, whose contribution to global emissions is negligible. An analysis of carbon emissions and population for the World Bank’s four income-based country groups, however, shows that: (i) the low-income group represents the smallest fraction of the [...]

Thermobar: An Open-Source Python3 Tool for Thermobarometry and Hygrometry

Penny Wieser, Maurizio Petrelli, Jordan Lubbers, et al.

Published: 2022-07-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We present Thermobar, a new open-source Python3 package for calculating pressures, temperatures, and melt compositions from mineral and mineral-melt equilibrium. Thermobar allows users to perform calculations with >100 popular parametrizations involving liquid, olivine-liquid, olivine-spinel, pyroxene only, pyroxene-liquid, two pyroxene, feldspar-liquid, two feldspar, amphibole only, [...]

Climate-Driven Risk of Extreme Wildfire in California

Patrick T Brown, Holt Hanley, Ankur Mahesh, et al.

Published: 2022-07-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

California has experienced increased instances of extreme wildfire behavior in recent years, but the extent to which this is due to anthropogenic warming has been difficult to determine. Here we quantify empirical relationships between temperature and the risk of extreme daily wildfire growth (>10,000 acres) in California and use these relationships to estimate how extreme growth risk is changing [...]

Machine-learning correction of the local effects on neutron monitor and muon detector count rates at Syowa Station in the Antarctic

RYUHO KATAOKA, Tatsuhiko Sato, Chihiro Kato, et al.

Published: 2022-07-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays around the solar minimum in 2019-2020 looks different in the secondary neutrons and muons observed at the ground. To compare the solar modulation of primary cosmic rays in detail, we must remove the possible seasonal variations caused by the atmosphere and surrounding environment. As such surrounding environment effects, we evaluate the snow cover effect [...]

Mantle flow pattern associated with the Patagonian slab window determined from azimuthal anisotropy

Walid Ben Mansour, Douglas A Wiens, Hannah F Mark, et al.

Published: 2022-07-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Geological processes in Southern Patagonia are affected by the Patagonian slab window, formed by the subduction of the Chile Ridge and subsequent northward migration of the Chile Triple Junction. Using shear wave splitting analysis, we observe strong splitting of up to 2.5 s with an E-W fast direction just south of the triple junction and the edge of the subducting Nazca slab. This region of [...]

Intercomparison of deep learning architectures for the prediction of precipitation fields

Noelia Otero, Pascal Horton

Published: 2022-07-07
Subjects: Education, Engineering

In recent years, the use of deep learning methods has rapidly increased in many research fields. Similarly, they have become a powerful tool within the climate scientific community. Deep learning methods have been successfully applied for different tasks, such as identification of atmospheric patterns, weather extreme classification, or weather forecasting. However, due to the inherent complexity [...]

The Role of Salt Tectonics in the Energy Transition: An Overview and Future Challenges

Oliver B. Duffy, Michael Hudec, Frank Peel, et al.

Published: 2022-07-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The fundamental properties of salt have long been exploited in the search for hydrocarbons, as they influence many of the hydrocarbon play elements. This industrial application has driven the pursuit of salt tectonic knowledge over the last century and led to major conceptual advances in the field. However, the current need, and social-political demand, to decarbonize suggests that the [...]

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