Preprints
There are 4725 Preprints listed.
Quantification of the hydrological control on speleothem oxygen isotopic variability
Published: 2021-04-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Speleothems have long been regarded as state-of-the-art materials for terrestrial paleoclimate reconstruction owing to their potential for precisely dated chronologies and preservation of detailed oxygen isotopic (d18O) records that are routinely interpreted as a proxy for hydroclimate. Yet replicated speleothem d18O records from the same cave do not always agree, posing a conundrum: if these [...]
Plastic pollution research in Indonesia: state of science and future research directions to reduce impacts
Published: 2021-04-09
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Several studies have suggested Indonesia to be among the top plastic polluting countries globally. Data on the presence and amounts of plastic pollution are required to help design effective plastic reduction and mitigation strategies. Research quantifying plastic pollution in Indonesia has picked up in recent years. However, a lack of central coordination in this research has led to research [...]
Barrier islands as coupled human–landscape systems
Published: 2021-04-09
Subjects: Geomorphology, Nature and Society Relations, Sustainability
There are nearly 300 barrier islands between Maine and Texas, and of these, at least 70 are intensively developed. Mean population density along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts are the highest in the country. Such concentrated development exists and continues despite the fact that barrier islands are transient landscapes, not only over geologic time scales of millennia but also within human and [...]
The Sediment Budget Estimator (SBE): a process-model for the stochastic estimation of fluxes and budgets of sediment through submarine channel systems.
Published: 2021-04-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Turbidity currents transport vast amounts of sediment through submarine channels onto deep-marine basin floor fans. There is a lack of quantitative tools for the reconstruction of the sediment budget of these systems. The aim of this paper is to construct a simple and user-friendly model that can estimate turbidity-current structure and sediment budget based on observable submarine channel [...]
Impact of trench retreat rate on initiating focused back-arc extension within a mobile overriding plate
Published: 2021-04-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Rapid trench retreat, or slab roll-back, is often observed in subduction zones where active and focused back-arc extension develops. However, the correlation between trench retreat rate and back-arc extension has not been rigorously tested. Here we study the correlation by investigating a series of 2-D thermo-mechanical and internally driven numerical models with a mobile overriding plate in [...]
Why is the Hurricane Season So Sharp?
Published: 2021-04-09
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding tropical cyclone (TC) climatology is a problem of profound societal significance and deep scientific interest. The annual cycle is the biggest radiatively-forced signal in TC variability, presenting a key test of our understanding and modeling of TC activity. TCs over the North Atlantic (NA) basin, which are usually called hurricanes, have a sharp peak in the annual cycle, with more [...]
Rectangular drainage pattern evolution controlled by pipe cave collapse along clastic dikes, the Dead Sea Basin, Israel
Published: 2021-04-09
Subjects: Geomorphology, Tectonics and Structure
BENTHIC NUTRIENT FLUXES ACROSS A PRODUCTIVE SHELF ADJACENT TO AN OLIGOTROPHIC BASIN: CASE OF THE NORTHEASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Published: 2021-04-08
Subjects: Environmental Chemistry, Oceanography
The coastal ecosystem of the Northeastern (NE) Mediterranean has been affected by nutrient inputs originated from regional rivers and wastewater discharges leading to development of eutrophication. Atmospheric nutrient inputs have also remarkable contribution to marine nutrient pool in the NE Mediterranean, especially in dry periods. Sediment porewater nutrient fluxes into the deep waters are [...]
Paleoclimate Changes in the Pacific Northwest Over the Past 36,000 Years from Clumped Isotope Measurements and Isotope-Enabled Model Analysis
Published: 2021-04-07
Subjects: Climate, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science
Since the last glacial period, North America has experienced dramatic changes in regional climate, including the collapse of ice sheets and changes in effective precipitation. We use clumped isotopes and analysis of transient climate simulations to provide constraints on hydroclimate changes in the Pacific Northwest. The coldest soil temperatures (~10.5 ±1.°C to 14.9 ±1.2°C) occurred [...]
Orbital, the Box - An interactive educational tool for in-depth understanding of astronomical climate forcing.
Published: 2021-04-07
Subjects: Adult and Continuing Education, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Climate, Earth Sciences, Education, Educational Methods, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Higher Education, Instructional Media Design, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, The Sun and the Solar System
“Orbital, the Box” provides an interactive tool with graphical user interface (GUI) for stimulating active, visual learning for understanding of astronomical climate forcing. This cross-platform tool can be run locally on a personal computer using a standard web browser environment with no need for plugins, thus maximising accessibility for students and teachers alike. The tool facilitates in the [...]
Near-real-time and state-level monitoring of U.S. CO2 emissions
Published: 2021-04-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As the ambition and urgency of climate mitigation efforts across the U.S. increase, annual estimates of national CO2 emissions provide only vague and outdated information about changes and progress. Using near-real-time activity data compiled from numerous sources, here we present and analyze daily, state-level estimates of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from January 2019 through December 2020. Our [...]
The concavity of submarine canyon longitudinal profiles
Published: 2021-04-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Submarine canyons incise continental shelves and slopes, and are important conduits for the transport of sediment, nutrients, organic carbon and pollutants from continents to oceans. Submarine canyons bear morphological similarities to subaerial valleys, such as their longitudinal (long) profiles. Long profiles record the interaction between erosion and uplift, making their shape, or concavity, a [...]
Transmissivity and groundwater flow exert a strong influence on drainage density
Published: 2021-04-07
Subjects: Geomorphology, Hydrology
The extent to which groundwater flow affects drainage density and erosion has long been debated, but is still uncertain. Here, I present a new hybrid analytical and numerical model that simulates groundwater flow, overland flow, hillslope erosion and stream incision. The model is used to explore the relation between groundwater flow and the incision and persistence of streams for a set of [...]
Precious and Critical Metal-Bearing Assemblages in the Ann Mason Copper Porphyry Deposit, Yerington, Nevada
Published: 2021-04-07
Subjects: Geology
Porphyry deposits are an important source of copper and their value may be upgraded by minor contents of precious metals, if they are extractable. The mechanisms for enrichment of precious and base metals in these systems are not well understood. This study investigates the deportment of trace metals in the Ann Mason porphyry deposit, including gold, silver, palladium, mercury, lead and bismuth. [...]
Seasonal changes of iceberg distribution and surface area in the Amundsen Sea Embayment
Published: 2021-04-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Icebergs have a significant influence on local and potentially global climate by altering ocean and sea ice environments. An object-based method for automatic iceberg detection has been applied to 2442 SAR images acquired during all seasons between 2006-2012 in the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE), Antarctica. During this period a total count of icebergs and their surface area were calculated in [...]