Preprints
There are 5726 Preprints listed.
Mantle plumes and their interactions
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Hotspots are regions of intraplate volcanism or especially strong volcanism along plate boundaries, and many of them are likely caused by underlying mantle plumes – localized hot upwellings from deep inside the Earth. It is still uncertain, whether all plumes or just some of them rise from the lowermost mantle, and to what extent and where they entrain chemically different materials. Also, [...]
Bayesian modelling of piecewise trends and discontinuities to improve the estimation of coastal vertical land motion
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
One of the major sources of uncertainty affecting vertical land motion (VLM) estimations are discontinuities and trend changes. Trend changes are most commonly caused by seismic deformation, but can also stem from long-term (decadal to multidecadal) surface loading changes or from local origins. Although these issues have been extensively addressed for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) [...]
The historical impact of anthropogenic air-borne sulphur on the Pleistocene rock art of Sulawesi
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Natural Resources and Conservation
The Maros-Pangkep karst in southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia, contains some of the world’s oldest rock art. However, the Pleistocene images survive only as weathered patches of pigment on exfoliated limestone surfaces. Salt efflorescence underneath the case-hardened limestone substrate causes spall-flaking, and it has been proposed that the loss of artwork has accelerated over recent decades. Here, [...]
Visualizing Best and Worst Case Scenarios in Joint, Constrained, and Time-Dependent Inversions I: Null-Space Transfer and Image-Space Contradictions
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Because geophysical inversion is used in many vital societal applications, it is unfortunate that some aspects of inverse methods are so abstract. The difficulty of identifying fundamental behaviors is exacerbated when investigating large non-linear problems which combine multiple datasets into a single model, or which produce multiple models with constraints between them. In this first of [...]
Efficient Probabilistic Prediction and Uncertainty Quantification of Hurricane Surge and Inundation
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study proposes a methodology for efficient probabilistic prediction of near-landfall hurricane-driven storm surge, tide, and inundation. We perturb forecasts of hurricane track, intensity, and size according to quasi-random low-discrepancy Korobov sequences of historical forecast errors with assumed Gaussian and uniform statistical distributions. These perturbations are run in an ensemble of [...]
Diagenetic priming of submarine landslides in ooze-rich substrates
Published: 2022-05-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Sedimentology
Oozes are the most widespread deep-sea sediment in the global ocean, but very little is known about how changes in their physical properties during burial impact slope stability and related geohazards. Here, we use 3D seismic reflection, geochemical, and petrophysical data acquired both within and adjacent to 13 large (in total c. 6330 km2) submarine slides on the Exmouth Plateau, NW Shelf, [...]
Paleoclimate controls on lithium enrichment in Great Basin Pliocene-Pleistocene lacustrine clays
Published: 2022-05-29
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Other Environmental Sciences, Sedimentology
Terminal lakes are important archives of continental hydroclimate and in some cases contain important economic resources. Here, we present an ∼2.9 m.y. lacustrine carbonate carbon and oxygen stable isotope record from a Great Basin continental drill core. We paired these measurements with bulk lithium concentrations to reveal a relationship between past climate and lithium enrichment in [...]
How to drain a megalake: Comments on a study by Palcu et al. (2021) Scientific Reports 11, Art. Nr.: 11471.
Published: 2022-05-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Oceanography, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
In a recent paper by Palcu et al. (2021: Scientific Reports 11, Art. Nr.: 11471), the Cape Panagia section on the Taman peninsula (Russian Black Sea) was dated using magnetostratigraphy, in order to calibrate the timing of previously published regressions of the Paratethys megalake. The authors of the paper claim that this “largest megalake in the geological record” experienced four major [...]
Retrieving Chl-a and total suspended solids in in-land waters using EnMAP simulated data
Published: 2022-05-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences
The Environmental Mapping and analysis program (EnMAP) is a new Earth observation satellite which will use imaging spectroscopy to obtain a diagnostic characterisation of the Earth's surface and record changes. Since we hypothesis that imaging spectroscopy can significantly improve the accuracy of predicting and assessing water quality traits of small in-land waters, our study investigates the [...]
Tectono-sedimentary evolution of Southern Mexico. Implications for Cretaceous and younger source-to-sink systems in the Mexican foreland basins and the Gulf of Mexico
Published: 2022-05-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An extensive dataset of existing and new geo/thermochronological data from several areas in Southern Mexico constrains the tectonic history of the region, as well as various source-to-sink relationships and local burial histories. Our interpretation acknowledges that not all cooling/heating observed in the source areas is due to erosional exhumation/burial but, in some cases, due to advective [...]
Salt-detached strike-slip faulting, Outer Kwanza Basin, Offshore Angola
Published: 2022-05-25
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
We here use a 3D seismic reflection dataset from Outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola to examine the structure and growth of salt-detached strike-slip faults. The faults occur in four, up to 13.8 km-long, NE-trending arrays that are physically linked by restraining bend and releasing stepovers, and which presently overlie Aptian salt and base-salt relief related to pre-salt faulting. We suggest [...]
Caledonian hot zone magmatism in the “Newer Granites”: insight from the Cluanie and Clunes plutons, Northern Scottish Highlands
Published: 2022-05-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Scottish “Newer” Granites record the evolution of the Caledonides resulting from Iapetus subduction and slab breakoff during the Silurian-Devonian Scandian Orogeny, but relationships between geodynamics, petrogenesis and emplacement are incomplete. Laser ablation U-Pb results from magmatic zircons at the Cluanie Pluton (Northern Highlands) identify clusters of concordant Silurian data points. A [...]
Development of a machine learning approach for local-scale ozone and PM2.5 forecasting: Application to multiple AQS sites in the Pacific Northwest
Published: 2022-05-24
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
A machine learning (ML) based modeling framework has been successfully used to provide operational forecasts of O3 at Kennewick, WA. This paper shows its performance when applied to other observation locations to predict O3 and PM2.5 concentrations. The 10-time, 10-fold cross-validation method was used to evaluate the model performance in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Similar to Kennewick, ML1 [...]
Surging vs. streaming: the dual fast ice flow response to variations in efficiency of the subglacial drainage landsystem
Published: 2022-05-24
Subjects: Geomorphology, Glaciology
Observation and modelling have long contributed to associate surging and streaming of glaciers with glacier thermal regime, variations in meltwater availability and pressure and mechanical coupling at their beds. Using experimental modelling and palaeoglaciological mapping, we explore how the development of subglacial drainage landsystems controls variations in drainage efficiency and ice flow [...]
Divergence in climate model projections of Arctic Atlantification
Published: 2022-05-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Arctic Ocean is strongly stratified by salinity in the uppermost layers. This stratification is a key attribute of the region as it acts as an effective barrier for the vertical exchanges of Atlantic Water heat, nutrients, and CO2 between intermediate depths and the surface of the Eurasian and Amerasian basins (EB and AB). Observations show that from 1970 to 2017, the stratification in the AB [...]