Preprints
There are 5493 Preprints listed.
Museum exhibitions of fossils into commercial products: Unexpected outflow of 3D models due to unwritten image policies into commercial products
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Education
Recent innovations and cost reductions in photogrammetry-based 3D modeling have enabled museum visitors to create 3D models based on photographs exhibited in galleries without breaking museum policies. While several museums make 3D museum data available on sharing platforms, museum visitors publish unofficial 3D data belonging to museum exhibits using a photogrammetry-based approach. This [...]
Strong methane point sources contribute a disproportionate fraction of total emissions across multiple basins in the U.S.
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding, prioritizing, and mitigating methane (CH4) emissions requires quantifying methane budgets from facility scales to regional scales with the ability to differentiate between source sectors. We deployed a tiered observing system for multiple basins in the United States (San Joaquin Valley, Uintah, Denver-Julesberg, Permian, Marcellus). We quantify strong point source emissions (>10 kg [...]
Setting up a Land Use Cover Change model application for Greater Sydney. Lessons learnt and challenges ahead
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Other Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
This chapter presents a Land Use Cover Change (LUCC) model application developed for Greater Sydney. It aims to help decision making in the context of the strategic and spatial planning of Greater Sydney. To this end, the model simulates the dynamics of industrial, low density residential and medium-high density residential areas at spatial resolution of 100x100 m. A series of three Land Use [...]
Changes in mean and extreme precipitation scale universally with global mean temperature across and within climate models
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Projections of precipitation from global climate models are crucial for risk assessment and adaptation strategies under different emission scenarios, yet model uncertainty limits their application. Here, we assess inter-model differences by separating the response of precipitation to anthropogenic forcing within 21 individual, bias-adjusted CMIP6 models using a pattern filtering technique. The [...]
S-wave modeling of the Showa-Shinzan lava dome in Usu Volcano, Northern Japan, from seismic observations
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
To obtain an internal S-wave velocity structure, we conducted a passive seismic campaign with 21 1-Hz seismometers on and around the Showa-Shinzan lava dome, which emerged during the 1943–1945 eruption of Usu Volcano, Japan. Before the campaign, we calibrated seismometers and found slight phase-response differences between seismometers of less than 1–2 degrees. After the campaign, we extracted [...]
The western Andes at ~20–22°S: A contribution to the quantification of crustal shortening and kinematics of deformation
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Andes are an emblematic active Cordilleran orogen. It is admitted that mountain-building in the Central Andes at ~20°S started by Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic along the subduction margin, and propagated eastward. In general, the structures sustaining the uplift of the West Andean flank are dismissed, and their contribution to mountain-building remains poorly solved. Here, we focus on two [...]
Numerical simulation of atmospheric Lamb waves generated by the 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
On January 15th, 2022, around 4:30 UTC the eruption of the Hunga-Tonga volcano, in the South Pacific Ocean, generated a violent underwater explosion. In addition to tsunami waves that affected the Pacific coasts, the eruption created atmospheric pressure disturbances that spread out in the form of Lamb waves. The associated atmospheric pressure oscillations were detected in high-frequency in-situ [...]
The temporal limits of predicting fault failure
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Machine learning models using seismic emissions can predict instantaneous fault characteristics such as displacement in laboratory experiments and slow slip in Earth. Here, we address whether the acoustic emission (AE) from laboratory experiments contains information about near-future frictional behavior. The approach uses a convolutional encoder-decoder containing a transformer layer. We use as [...]
Estimating a social cost of carbon for global energy consumption
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Oil, Gas, and Energy, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Estimates of global economic damage caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions can inform climate policy. The social cost of carbon (SCC) quantifies these damages by characterizing how additional CO2 emissions today impact future economic outcomes through altering the climate. Previous estimates suggest that large, warming-driven increases in energy expenditures could dominate the SCC, but they [...]
Indian Plate paleogeography, subduction, and horizontal underthrusting below Tibet: paradoxes, controvercies, and opportunities
Published: 2022-02-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
The India-Asia collision zone is the archetype to calibrate geological responses of continent-continent collision, but hosts a paradox: there is no orogen-wide geological record of oceanic subduction after initial collision around 60-55 Ma, yet thousands of kilometers of post-collisional subduction occurred before arrival of unsubductable continental lithosphere that currently horizontally [...]
Forecasting Marine Heatwaves using Machine Learning
Published: 2022-02-05
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Recently, severe warm-water episodes have occurred frequently against a background trend of global ocean warming. Sea Surface Temperature anomalies have an impact on the integrity of marine ecosystems which is an important part of the Earth’s climate system. The drastic effects of Marine Heatwaves on aquatic life have been on a steady incline in the recent years, damaging aquatic ecosystems [...]
Sediment phosphorus composition controls hot spots and hot moments of internal loading in a temperate reservoir
Published: 2022-02-05
Subjects: Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Phosphorus (P) flux across the sediment-water interface in lakes and reservoirs responds to external perturbations within the context of sediment characteristics. Lentic ecosystems experience profound spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the mechanisms that control sediment P fluxes, likely producing hot spots and hot moments of internal loading. However, spatiotemporal variation in P fluxes remains [...]
High Inter- and Intra-lake Variation in Sediment Phosphorus Pools in Shallow Lakes
Published: 2022-02-05
Subjects: Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Phosphorus (P) release from lakebed sediments may fuel phytoplankton blooms, especially in shallow waterbodies. A primary mechanism that controls internal P loading is the size and chemical composition of the sediment P pool. However, variation in sediment P within and among shallow lakes remains poorly quantified. We measured the degree of spatial heterogeneity in the size and composition of [...]
Antecedent conditions control thresholds of tile-runoff generation and nitrogen export in intensively managed landscapes
Published: 2022-02-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Threshold changes in rainfall-runoff generation commonly represent shifts in runoff mechanisms and hydrologic connectivity controlling water and solute transport and transformation. In watersheds with limited human influence, threshold runoff responses reflect interaction between precipitation event and antecedent soil moisture. Similar analyses are lacking in intensively managed landscapes where [...]
The revolutionary impact of the Deep Time concept: Geology’s modernity and societal implications
Published: 2022-02-05
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
I propose throughout this short op-ed that Geology, as one of the most recently established core sciences, is the one most at risk of societal misinterpretation precisely because of its innovativeness. The discovery of ‘deep time’ and the revelation of temporal change were triggered by the advance of geological methodology, which pushed the boundary of the scientific establishment of the time [...]