Preprints
There are 6285 Preprints listed.
The applicability of G-BASE stream sediment geochemistry as a combined geological mapping, and prospective exploration tool for As-Co-Cu-Ni mineralisation across Cumbria, UK.
Published: 2023-01-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Multivariate Analysis, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
Stream sediment geochemistry is a useful tool to analyse the geochemistry of the local geology within the source catchment area. This has significant applicability within the field of mineral exploration where understanding regional lithological geochemistry is needed, facilitating the identification of critical metal deposits. Successful identification of these deposits is essential to help [...]
Dampening effect of global flows on Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities: Implications for deep-mantle plumes vis-à-vis hotspot distributions
Published: 2023-01-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Numerical Analysis and Computation
It is a well-accepted hypothesis that deep-mantle primary plumes originate from a buoyant source layer at the core-mantle boundary (CMB), where Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instabilities play a key role in the plume initiation process. Previous studies have characterized their growth rates mainly in terms of the density, viscosity and layer-thickness ratios between the denser overburden and the source [...]
A multi-siderophile element connection between volcanic hotspots and Earth’s core
Published: 2023-01-18
Subjects: Geochemistry
The existence of resolvable 182W/184W deficits in modern ocean island basalts (OIB) relative to the bulk silicate Earth has raised questions about the relationship of these rocks to Earth’s core. However, because the core is expected to host high abundances of highly siderophile elements (HSE), it would be expected that such heterogeneity is accompanied by correlating variability in HSE [...]
The evolution of catchment-depositional system relationships on the dip slopes of intra-rift basement highs: an example from the Frøya High, Mid-Norwegian Rifted Margin
Published: 2023-01-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Basement highs form one of many potential sediment source areas during the evolution of continental rifts and rifted margins and add to the topographic complexity typical of active rifts. Footwall basement highs acting as a source area to sedimentary systems in the hangingwall of major faults has been documented in many systems worldwide. However, the back-tilted footwall dip slopes of such highs [...]
From ground motion simulations to landslide occurrence prediction
Published: 2023-01-17
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability
Ground motion simulations solve wave equations in space and time, thus producing detailed estimates of the shaking time series. This is essentially uncharted territory for geomorphologists, for we have yet to understand which ground motion (synthetic or not) parameter, or combination of parameters, is more suitable to explain the coseismic landslide distribution. To address this gap, we developed [...]
A Bayesian Level Set Method for Identifying Subsurface Geometries and Rheological Properties in Stokes Flow
Published: 2023-01-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
We aim to simultaneously infer the shape of subsurface structures and material properties such as density or viscosity from surface observations. Modeling mantle flow using incompressible instantaneous Stokes equations, the problem is formulated as an infinite-dimensional Bayesian inverse problem. Subsurface structures are described as level sets of a smooth auxiliary function, allowing for [...]
A global apparent polar wander path for the last 320 Ma calculated from site-level paleomagnetic data
Published: 2023-01-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) calculated from paleomagnetic data describe the motion of tectonic plates relative to the Earth’s rotation axis through geological time, providing a quantitative paleogeographic framework for studying the evolution of Earth’s interior, surface, and atmosphere. Previous APWPs were typically calculated from collections of paleomagnetic poles, with each pole [...]
How fine is fine enough? Effect of mesh resolution on hydrodynamic simulations in coral reef environments
Published: 2023-01-14
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coral reef environments are biodiversity hotspots that provide many services to coastal communities. They are currently facing an increasing anthropogenic pressure that jeopardises their survival. Numerical ocean models are an important tool to understand the functioning of coral ecosystems and the mechanisms ensuring their resilience. However, simulating the water circulation through reef [...]
The upper mantle geoid for lithospheric structure and dynamics
Published: 2023-01-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geoid anomalies offer crucial information on the internal density structure of the Earth, and thus, on its constitution and dynamic state. In order to interpret geoid undulations in terms of depth, magnitude and lateral extension of density anomalies in the lithosphere and upper mantle, the effects of lower mantle density anomalies need to be removed from the full geoid (thus obtaining a residual [...]
Consumer-grade UAV solid-state LiDAR accurately quantifies topography in a vegetated fluvial environment
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with passive optical sensors have become popular for reconstructing topography using Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM). Advances in UAV payloads and the advent of solid-state LiDAR have enabled consumer-grade active remote sensing equipment to become more widely available, potentially providing opportunities to overcome some challenges associated with [...]
Mapping glacier basal sliding with machine learning
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
During the RESOLVE project ("High-resolution imaging in subsurface geophysics: development of a multi-instrument platform for interdisciplinary research"), continuous surface displacement and seismic array observations were obtained on Glacier d'Argentière in the French Alps for 35 days in May 2018. The data set is used to perform a detailed study of targeted processes within the highly dynamic [...]
meltPT: A Python package for basaltic whole-rock thermobarometric analysis with application to Hawai'i
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Quantifying the depths and temperatures from which igneous rocks are derived is an important step in understanding volcanic, magmatic and mantle processes. We present meltPT, a Python package that allows users to apply twelve published whole-rock thermobarometers within a consistent framework, as well as combine thermobarometric results and geothermal models to estimate mantle potential [...]
A two-way coupling 2D-3D hybrid finite element numerical model using overlapping method for tsunami simulation
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
This paper describes a 2D-3D hybrid model for tsunami simulations that uses an overlapping method based on an arbitrary grid. A 2D model is used to simulate wave propagation from the source area to the offshore area, and a 3D model is then used to simulate the free surface flow around structures in coastal areas. An overlapping method that satisfies the conservation and compatibility conditions [...]
Residual U-Net with Attention for Detecting Clouds in Satellite Imagery
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Semantic segmentation of clouds in Earth observation imagery is an important task in a variety of remote sensing contexts: from the application of atmospheric corrections to being able to accurately omit cloud pixels when extracting information about ground features. Here we introduce a deep learning approach based on the popular U-Net architecture. The core of the architecture is an U-Net with [...]
STICr: An open-source package and workflow for Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity (STIC) data
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Hydrology
Non-perennial streams constitute over half the world's stream miles but are not commonly included in streamflow monitoring networks. As a result, Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity (STIC) loggers are widely used for characterizing flow presence or absence in non-perennial streams. To facilitate ‘FAIR’ (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) stream intermittency [...]