Skip to main content

Preprints

There are 5726 Preprints listed.

Reconstructing Aerosols Vertical Profiles with Aggregate Output Learning

Sofija Stefanovic, Shahine Bouabid, Philip Stier, et al.

Published: 2021-07-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Aerosol-cloud interactions constitute the largest source of uncertainty in assessments of anthropogenic climate change. This uncertainty arises in part from the inability to observe aerosol amounts at the cloud formation levels, and, more broadly, the vertical distribution of aerosols. Hence, we often have to settle for less informative two-dimensional proxies, i.e. vertically aggregated data. [...]

C:N:P stoichiometry in six distinct habitats of a glacier terminus in the Yangtze River Source Area

Ze Ren, Hongkai Gao, Wei Luo, et al.

Published: 2021-07-01
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Glaciology, Life Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences, Sustainability

Glaciers are among the least explored environments on Earth, especially from a perspective of nutrient stoichiometry. In this study, we documented and compared the nutrient availabilities (concentrations) and composition (stoichiometric ratios) of nutrients (C, N, and P) in six distinct habitats of a glacier terminus in the Yangtze River Source area, including surface ice (SI), basal ice (BI), [...]

Subduction earthquakes controlled by incoming plate geometry: The 2020 M>7.5 Shumagin, Alaska, earthquake doublet

Yu Jiang, Pablo J. González, Roland Bürgmann

Published: 2021-07-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In 2020, an earthquake doublet, a M7.8 on July 22nd and a M7.6 on October 19th, struck the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone beneath the Shumagin Islands. This is the first documented earthquake doublet involving a megathrust event and a strike-slip event. The first event partially ruptured a seismic gap, which has not hosted large earthquakes since 1917, and the second event was unusual as it [...]

A CMIP6 ensemble for downscaled monthly climate normals over North America

Colin Raymond Mahony, Tongli Wang, Andreas Hamann, et al.

Published: 2021-07-01
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Use of downscaled global climate model projections is expanding rapidly as climate change vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning become mainstream in many sectors. Many climate change impact analyses use climate model projections downscaled at very high spatial resolution (~1km) but very low temporal resolution (20- to 30-year normals). These applications have model selection [...]

Using sedimentological priors to improve 14C calibration of bioturbated sediment archives.

Bryan C. Lougheed

Published: 2021-06-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Probability, Statistics and Probability

Radiocarbon (14C) dating is often carried out upon multi-specimen samples sourced from bioturbated sediment archives, such as deep-sea sediment. These samples are inherently heterogeneous in age, but current 14C calibration techniques applied to such age heterogenous samples were originally developed for age homogeneous material. A lack of information about age heterogeneity leads to a systematic [...]

Onset of runaway fragmentation of salt marshes

Orencio Duran Vinent, Ellen Herbert, Daniel Coleman, et al.

Published: 2021-06-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Sustainability

Salt marshes are valuable but vulnerable coastal ecosystems that adapt to relative sea level rise (RSLR) by accumulating organic matter and inorganic sediment. The natural limit of these processes defines a threshold rate of RSLR beyond which marshes drown, resulting in ponding and conversion to open waters. We develop a simplified formulation for sediment transport across marshes to show that [...]

TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND OXYGEN CLIMATOLOGY OF AFRICAN CONTINENTAL SHELF WATER, SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR, AND CHANGES SINCE 1945

Stephanie de Villiers

Published: 2021-06-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The first temperature, salinity and oxygen climatologies for waters of the continuous southern African continental shelf is presented. It is based on oceanographic data collected since 1945, sub-sampled at depths of 5, 50 and 100 m on a mixed-spatial grid with 0.25° to 0.5° resolution. The climatologies capture spatial heterogeneities and seasonal variability in key ocean variables for the [...]

Multidimensional simulation of PFAS transport and leaching in the vadose zone: impact of surfactant-induced flow and soil heterogeneities

Jicai Zeng, Bo Guo

Published: 2021-06-30
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Hydrology, Soil Science

PFAS are emergent contaminants of which fate and transport in the environment remain poorly understood. As surfactants, adsorption at air-water interfaces and solid surfaces in soils complicates the retention and leaching of PFAS in the vadose zone. Recent modeling studies accounting for the PFAS-specific nonlinear adsorption processes predicted that the majority of long-chain PFAS remain in the [...]

Interplay of seismic and a-seismic deformation during the 2020 sequence of Atacama, Chile.

Emilie Klein, Bertrand Potin, Francisco Pasten-Araya, et al.

Published: 2021-06-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

An earthquake sequence occurred in the Atacama region of Chile throughout September 2020. The sequence initiated by a mainshock of magnitude Mw6.9, followed 17 hours later by a Mw6.4 aftershock. The sequence lasted several weeks, during which more than a thousand events larger than Ml 1 occurred, including several larger earthquakes of magnitudes between 5.5 and 6.4. Using a dense network that [...]

The late Paleozoic paired metamorphic belt of southern Central Chile: Consequence of a near-trench thermal anomaly?

Guido M. Gianni

Published: 2021-06-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The hypothesis of a subduction-related Miyashiro-type paired metamorphic belt for the origin of the late Paleozoic igneous and metamorphic complex in the Andean Coastal Cordillera has remained unquestioned since its proposal in the early seventies. A synthesis of the advances in the study of these metamorphic rocks between 33°S and 42°S, revising field relations among geological units, and [...]

Knowing the whole world from the top of a mountain: from orderly systematization to complex explanatory systems

Maarten G Kleinhans

Published: 2021-06-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Systems Biology

Fast and fascinating changes in views on nature and systems occurred around 1800, for example in the works of Alexander von Humboldt. While Humboldt rarely used the word system, he searched for the pattern-forming forces of nature by gruesome experiments on animals, including himself, and then drew a map of a mountain that became the basis of biogeography. What did ‘system’ mean then and now, how [...]

Paleoenvironmental change recorded in submarine fans: the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition in the Alpine foreland basin

Euan Soutter, Ian Kane, ANDER Martinez-donate, et al.

Published: 2021-06-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) was a period of considerable environmental change, signifying the transition from Paleocene greenhouse to Oligocene icehouse conditions. Preservation of the sedimentary signal of such an environmental change is most likely in net-depositional environments, such as submarine fans, which are the terminal parts of sedimentary systems. Here, using sedimentary and [...]

Controls on submarine canyon connection to the shoreline: a numerical modelling approach

Euan Soutter, Ian Kane, David Hodgson, et al.

Published: 2021-06-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Submarine canyons with heads located close to shorelines, known as shore-connected canyons, provide a focussed pathway for basinward sediment transport. Placing greater constraints on the key parameters that control the formation of shore-connected canyons can help us predict the efficiency of sediment export to deep-water under different environmental conditions and through time. Using a [...]

Stereophotogrammetry of clouds observed during T-REX

Ulrike Romatschke, Vanda Grubišić

Published: 2021-06-29
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Stereophotogrammetric images collected during the Terrain-induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX), which took place in Owens Valley, California, in the spring of 2006, were used to track clouds and cloud fragments in space and time. We explore how photogrammetric data complements other instruments deployed during T-REX, and how it supports T-REX objectives to study the structure and dynamics of [...]

The North Atlantic Warming Hole as Part of a Century-Long Fluctuating Phenomenon

Arnold Henry Taylor

Published: 2021-06-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Despite global warming, a region of the North Atlantic has been observed to cool, a phenomenon known as theáNorth Atlantic Warming Holeá(NAWH). The causes of the NAWH remain under debate but its emergence has been linked to a slowdown of the meridional circulation leading to a reduced ocean heat transport into the warming hole region. This note uses previously published evidence to suggest that [...]

search

You can search by:

  • Title
  • Keywords
  • Author Name
  • Author Affiliation