Preprints
There are 4725 Preprints listed.
Sedimentation and viscosity controls on forearc highs
Published: 2020-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Crustal rheology and surface processes strongly influence strain distribution and shape of orogenic wedges at their front but how they influence the wedge rear is still unclear. Here, we analyze the coupled control of viscosity and sedimentation on forearc high growth during advanced stages of subduction accretion. We use 2D thermo-mechanical finite element models constrained with data of the [...]
Global dominance of tectonics over climate in shaping river longitudinal profiles
Published: 2020-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
River networks are striking features engraved into Earths surface, shaped by uplift and erosion under the joint influence of climate and tectonics. How a river descends along its course – its longitudinal profile – varies greatly from one basin to the next, reflecting the interplay between uplift and erosional processes. It has recently been argued that climatic aridity should be a first-order [...]
The Last Glacial Maximum Balearic Abyssal Plain Megabed revisited
Published: 2020-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Megabeds are thick sedimentary layers extending over thousands square kilometres in deep sea basins and are thought to result from large slope failures triggered by major external events. Such deposits have been found in at least three areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Although their discovery dates back to the early 1980s, many questions remain, concerning their initiation, source area, extent, [...]
Sedimentary Ripple marks from pavements of forts in Jaipur, Rajasthan. India
Published: 2020-03-19
Subjects: Education, Outdoor Education
Prolific occurrence of a variety of ripple trains in popular forts of Jaipur are observed. The occurrence of extensive Geological sample within man-made buildings form a valuable record for a variety of teaching and research needs. Random samples from these rippled sandstone slabs are classified to highlight their variability. Few standard measures are made on a sample pointing to quantitative [...]
Dynamic recrystallisation can produce porosity in shear zones
Published: 2020-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Creep cavities are increasingly recognised as an important syn-kinematic feature of shear zones but much about this porosity needs investigation. Largely, observations of creep cavities are restricted to very fine grained mature ultramylonites and it is unclear when they developed during deformation. Specifically, a question that needs testing is; should grain-size reduction during deformation [...]
A spatial reconstruction of Siberian Last Glacial Maximum climate from pollen data
Published: 2020-03-19
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21.000 years before present) was a period with significantly colder global mean temperature, large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, and lower CO2 concentrations. Siberia was affected by a lower sea level which led to a closed Bering strait and a northward shift of the Arctic Ocean coastline. However, unlike other high-latitude areas, Siberia was not covered by [...]
A Serious Gaming Framework for Decision Support on Hydrological Hazards
Published: 2020-03-17
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Sciences, Databases and Information Systems, Engineering, Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Software Engineering, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
In this study, a web-based decision support tool (DST) was developed for hydrological multi-hazard analysis while employing gamification techniques to introduce a competitive element. The serious gaming environment provides functionalities for intuitive management, visualization, and analysis of geospatial, hydrological, and economic data to help stakeholders in the decision-making process [...]
Space-time stress variations on the Palu-Koro fault impacting the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake and its seismic hazards
Published: 2020-03-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this study we calculated the Coulomb stress change before and after the 2018 Palu earthquake (Mw7.5) induced by historical large earthquakes on and around the Palu‐Koro fault (PKF) within Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. We found that the 1996 earthquake (Mw7.9) on the Minahassa thrust likely promoted the 2018 Palu earthquake by stress loading on its hypocenter. Stress shadows in the PKF impacted [...]
Improving the retrieval of offshore-onshore correlation functions with machine learning
Published: 2020-03-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The retrieval of reliable offshore-onshore correlation functions is critical to improve our ability to predict long-period ground motions from megathrust earthquakes. However, localized ambient seismic field sources between offshore and onshore stations can bias correlation functions and generate non-physical arrivals. We present a two-step method based on unsupervised learning to improve the [...]
Performance of terrestrial laser scanning to characterize managed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands is dependent on forest structural variation
Published: 2020-03-05
Subjects: Forest Sciences, Life Sciences
There is a limited understanding of how forest structure affects the performance of methods based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in characterizing trees and forest environments. We aim to improve this understanding by studying how different forest management activities that shape tree size distributions affect the TLS-based forest characterization accuracy in managed Scots pine (Pinus [...]
Reply to “Global coastal wetland expansion under accelerated sea-level rise is unlikely”
Published: 2020-03-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability
We thank Törnqvist et al. for engaging with our modelling study on the future response of global coastal wetlands to sea-level rise (SLR) and their careful and critical discussion of the presented methods and results. However, we disagree with their suggestion that our modelling approach is inadequate, a claim which relies on two arguments: (1) they argue that our results are inconsistent with [...]
On the formation of oceanic detachment faults and their influence on intra-oceanic subduction initiation: 3D thermomechanical modeling
Published: 2020-03-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Extensional detachment faults, which have been widely documented in slow-spreading and ultraslow-spreading ridges on Earth, can effectively localize deformation due to their weakness. After the onset of oceanic closure, these weak oceanic detachments may directly control the nucleation of a subduction zone parallel to the former mid-ocean ridge, as is suggested for the Neotethys in Middle [...]
Use of geochemical fingerprints to trace sediment sources in an agriculture catchment of Argentina
Published: 2020-03-04
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Soil erosion and associated sediment redistribution are key environmental problems in Central Argentina. Specific land uses and management practices, such as intensive grazing and crop cultivation, are considered significantly driving and accelerating these processes. This research focuses on the identification of suitable soil tracers from hot spots of land degradation and sediment fate in an [...]
Global inventories of inverted stream channels on Earth and Mars
Published: 2020-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Data from orbiting and landed spacecraft have provided vast amounts of information regarding fluvial and fluvial-related landforms and sediments on Mars. One variant of these landforms are sinuous ridges that have been interpreted to be remnant evidence for ancient fluvial activity, observed at hundreds of martian locales. In order to further understanding of these martian landforms, this paper [...]
Integrating UAV photogrammetry with terrestrial laser scanning to characterize managed forest stands
Published: 2020-03-04
Subjects: Forest Sciences, Geography, Life Sciences, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides detailed three-dimensional representation of the surrounding forest structure. However, due to close-range hemispherical scanning geometry the ability of TLS technique to comprehensively characterize the upper parts of forest canopy is often limited. To overcome challenges in upper canopy characterization, TLS point cloud were complemented with a point [...]