Preprints
There are 5543 Preprints listed.
Crustal-scale listric geometry of the San Andreas Fault driven by lower crustal flow
Published: 2021-03-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The San Andreas Fault (SAF) is one of the dominant components of the transform boundary between the Pacific and the North American Plate. Although the fault is verti-cal-to sub-vertical at shallow (<10 km) depth, it variably dips at angles of ca. 40-70º to the southwest near the western Transverse Range and to the northeast in its southern seg-ment at depths of ca. 10-20 km, and thus can be [...]
Towards a morphology diagram for terrestrial carbonates: evaluating the impact of carbonate supersaturation and alginic acid in calcite precipitate morphology
Published: 2021-03-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ancient and recent terrestrial carbonate-precipitating systems are characterised by a heterogeneous array of deposits volumetrically dominated by calcite. In these environments, calcite precipitates display an extraordinary morphological diversity, from single crystal rhombohedral prisms, to blocky crystalline encrustations, or spherulitic to dendritic aggregates. Despite many decades of thorough [...]
The NCAR airborne 94-GHz cloud radar: calibration and data processing
Published: 2021-03-30
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The 94-GHz airborne HIAPER Cloud Radar (HCR) has now been deployed in three major field campaigns. NCAR has developed an extensive set of quality assurance and quality control procedures which are applied to all collected data. Engineering measurements performed both in the laboratory and in an antenna measurement chamber yielded calibration characteristics for the antenna, reflector, and radome. [...]
The joint sets on the Lilstock Benches, UK. Observations based on mapping a full resolution UAV-based image
Published: 2021-03-29
Subjects: Geology
Outcrop studies of fracture networks are important to understand fractured reservoirs in the subsurface, but complete maps of all fractures in large outcrops are rare due to limitations of outcrop and image resolution. We manually mapped the first full-resolution UAV-based, Gigapixel dataset and DEM of the wave-cut Lilstock Benches in the southern Bristol Channel basin, a classic outcrop of [...]
The role of the timing of sudden stratospheric warmings for precipitation and temperature anomalies in Europe
Published: 2021-03-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), a band of fast westerly winds over the Pole extending from approximately 10 to 50 km altitude, is a key driver of European winter weather. Extremely weak polar vortex states, so called sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), are on average followed by dry and cold weather in Northern Europe, as well as wetter weather in Southern Europe. [...]
Glacier surges controlled by the close interplay between subglacial friction and drainage
Published: 2021-03-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The fast flow of glaciers and ice sheets is largely influenced by friction at the ice- bedrock interface, and our imperfect understanding of subglacial friction accounts for one of the largest uncertainties in predictions of future sea-level rise. Glacier motion ranges from slow creep to cyclic surge instabilities and devastating glacier collapse as well as continuously fast-flowing ice-streams. [...]
Titan's prevailing circulation might drive highly intermittent, yet significant sediment transport
Published: 2021-03-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is characterized by gigantic linear dunes and an active dust cycle. Much like on Earth, these aeolian processes are caused by the wind-driven saltation of surface grains. It is still unclear, however, how saltation on Titan can occur despite the typically weak surface winds and the potentially cohesive surface grains. Here, we explore the hypothesis that [...]
Spatial spectrum of temperature fluctuations in buoyancy driven chaotic and turbulent atmosphere
Published: 2021-03-25
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
It is shown, using results of direct numerical simulations, laboratory experiments, measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer, in troposphere, in stratosphere, and the satellite infrared radiances data that in many cases the temperature fluctuations in buoyancy driven chaotic and turbulent atmosphere can be well described by the distributed chaos approach based on the Bolgiano-Obukhov [...]
A data assimilation framework to constrain the driving processes of anthropogenically induced subsidence
Published: 2021-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Statistics and Probability
Surface movement can be induced by many human subsurface activities: natural gas production, geothermal heat extraction, ground water extraction, phreatic groundwater level lowering, storage of natural gas and CO2. In this manuscript, we focus on subsidence caused by gas production. While geological interpretations, seismic campaigns and flow modeling often provide a relatively rich pre-existing [...]
Resolving Northern Alaska Earthquake Sequences Using the Transportable Array and Probabilistic Location Methods
Published: 2021-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Between 2014 and 2017, almost 200 new seismic stations were installed in Alaska and northwestern Canada as part of the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array. These stations currently provide an unprecedented capability for the detection and location of seismic events in regions with otherwise relatively sparse station coverage. Two interesting earthquake sequences in 2018 and 2019 in the [...]
Slab temperature evolution over the lifetime of a subduction zone
Published: 2021-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The thermal evolution of subducting slabs controls a range of subduction processes, yet we lack a robust understanding of how thermal structure develops over a subduction zone’s lifetime. We investigate the time-dependence of slab thermal structure using dynamically consistent, time evolving models. Pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions along the slab Moho and slab top exhibit substantial [...]
Shape of plutons in crustal shear zones: A tectono-magmatic guide based on analogue models
Published: 2021-03-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Plutons in crustal shear zones may exploit inherited structures, interfere with strain localizing or be deformed passively. To constrain the relative timing of such tectono-magmatic constellations in natural settings is not always straight-forward. We here present sandbox-type analogue model experiments simulating magma emplacement into simple and transtensional crustal shear zones to test the [...]
Prediction of rapid intensification of tropical cyclones with deep learning
Published: 2021-03-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical cyclones (TC) are one of the most destructive natural events claiming a lot of human lives and devastating coastal areas. Despite the advanced understanding of the formation of TC, prediction capabilities on the rapid intensification (RI) of TCs remain unsatisfactory. In this study, a deep learning framework using satellite images is used for the first time to identify RI events. We [...]
Low variability runoff inhibits coupling of climate, tectonics, and topography in the Greater Caucasus
Published: 2021-03-23
Subjects: Geomorphology, Tectonics and Structure
Hypothesized feedbacks between climate and tectonics are mediated by the relationship between topography and long-term erosion rates. While many studies show monotonic relationships between channel steepness and erosion rates, the degree of nonlinearity in this relationship varies by landscape. Mechanistically explaining controls on this relationship in natural settings is critical because highly [...]
The role of random vorticity stretching in tropical depression genesis
Published: 2021-03-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical deep convection plays a key role at the tropical depression stage of tropical cyclogenesis by aggregating vorticity, but no existing theory can depict such a stochastic vorticity aggregation process. Vorticity probability distribution function (PDF) is proposed as a tool to predict the horizontal structure and wind speed of the tropical depression, a tropical cyclone in its early stage. [...]