Preprints
There are 5726 Preprints listed.
LPDynR: a new tool to calculate the Land Productivity Dynamics indicator
Published: 2021-04-23
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy
As part of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 15 (Life on Land), the indicator 15.3.1 is adopted to measure the Land Degradation Neutrality. Land Degradation Neutrality is addressed as stable —or increasing— state in the amount and quality of land resources required to support ecosystem functions and services and enhance food security during a certain period of time. It is a binary indicator [...]
FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE: SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF WATER-BALANCE IN A RAPIDLY URBANIZING KATHMANDU VALLEY WATERSHED OF NEPAL
Published: 2021-04-23
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
The resources of the earth are under immense pressure due to the multiple anthropogenic influences. The land resources which largely attribute to the quality as well as quantity of the water, is facing extreme stress due to the rapid urbanization resulting from population growth as well as socio-economic development. It is imperative that the response of hydrological processes to the change in [...]
Release timing and duration control the fate of photolytic compounds in stream-hyporheic systems
Published: 2021-04-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Predicting environmental fate requires an understanding of the underlying, spatiotemporally variable interaction of transport and transformation processes. Photolytic compounds, for example, interact with both time-variable photolysis and the perennially dark hyporheic zone, generating potentially unexpected dynamics that arise from time-variable reactivity. This interaction has been found to [...]
Localised impacts and economic implications from high temperature disruption days under climate change
Published: 2021-04-22
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Studies
Most studies into the effects of climate change have headline results in the form of a global change in mean temperature. More useful for businesses and governments however are measures of localised impacts, and also of extremes rather than averages. We have addressed this by examining the change in frequency of exceeding a daily mean temperature threshold, defined as “disruption days”, as it is [...]
A Hydrologist’s Guide to Open Science
Published: 2021-04-22
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Hydrologic research that is open, accessible, reusable, and reproducible will have the largest impact on the scientific community and broader society. While more and more members of the hydrology community and key hydrology organizations are embracing open science practices, technical (e.g., limited coding experience), resource (e.g., open access fees), and social (e.g., fear of being scooped) [...]
Experimental Determination of Mantle Solidi and Melt Compositions for Two Likely Rocky Exoplanet Compositions
Published: 2021-04-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
For rocky exoplanets, knowledge of their geologic characteristics such as composition and mineralogy, surface recycling mechanisms, and volcanic behavior are key to determining their suitability to host life. Thus, determining exoplanet habitability requires an understanding of surface chemistry, and understanding the composition of exoplanet surfaces necessitates applying methods from the field [...]
Bridging Spatiotemporal Scales of Normal Fault Growth During Continental Extension Using High-Resolution 3D Numerical Models
Published: 2021-04-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Continental extension is accommodated by the development of kilometre-scale normal faults, which grow during metre-scale slip events that occur over millions of years. However, reconstructing the entire lifespan of a fault remains challenging due to a lack of observational data with spatiotemporal scales that span the early stage (<10^6 yrs) of fault growth. Using 3D numerical simulations of [...]
Decadal Evaluation of the AIRPACT Regional Air Quality Forecast System in the Pacific Northwest from 2009-2018
Published: 2021-04-21
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Air Indicator Report for Public Awareness and Community Tracking (AIRPACT) is a comprehensive, automated air quality forecast system that provides 48-hr in-advance air quality over the Pacific Northwest region (http://lar.wsu.edu/airpact/). Since 2001, the AIRPACT forecasting system has been successfully operated by Washington State University, with the financial support from the Northwest [...]
Poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds synchronous with the deglacial rise in CO2
Published: 2021-04-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds influence deep ocean circulation and carbon storage. While the westerlies are hypothesised to play a key role in regulating atmospheric CO2 over glacial-interglacial cycles, past changes in their position and strength remain poorly constrained. Here, we use a compilation of planktic foraminiferal delta-18O from across the Southern Ocean and emergent [...]
The stabilizing effect of high pore-fluid pressure along subduction megathrust faults: Evidence from friction experiments on accretionary sediments from the Nankai Trough
Published: 2021-04-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Pore-fluid pressure is an important parameter in controlling fault mechanics as it lowers the effective normal stress, allowing fault slip at lower shear stress. It is also thought to influence the nature of fault slip, particularly in subduction zones where areas of slow slip have been linked to regions of elevated pore-fluid pressure. Despite the importance of pore-fluid pressure on fault [...]
Go with the flow: the role of gateway and straits on plastic distribution
Published: 2021-04-21
Subjects: Geology, Sedimentology
Plastic pollution is widespread throughout the marine environments representing a risk for ecosystems and human health when plastic enters the food chain. Understanding factors and processes controlling plastic distribution and accumulation is crucial to identify plastic hotspots. Gateways and straits can play an important role on transferring plastic debris at superficial and sea bottom level [...]
A deep-learning estimate of the decadal trends in the Southern Ocean carbon storage
Published: 2021-04-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Uptake of atmospheric carbon by the ocean, especially at high latitudes, plays an important role in offsetting anthropogenic emissions. At the surface of the Southern Ocean south of 30◦S, the ocean carbon uptake, which had been weakening in 1990s, strengthened in the 2000s. However, sparseness of in-situ measurements in the interior make it difficult to compute changes in carbon storage below [...]
CRUSTAL ACCRETION AND CHAIN BUILDING OF AN INHERITED PASSIVE MARGIN: INSIGHTS FROM THE WESTERN SOUTHERN ALPS
Published: 2021-04-20
Subjects: Tectonics and Structure
Recently, the influence of lithospheric extension on later orogeny has gained increasing interest. We make use of own geological mapping, interpretations of seismic reflection profiles and deep geophysical data to build an area-balanced cross-section across a key area of the Western Southern Alps and to model a series of structural restorations from the end of Mesozoic rifting to present-day. The [...]
Water acceleration in a supraglacial channel predicts locations of step-pool sequence formation
Published: 2021-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supraglacial channels constitute an important part of the glacial hydrological system, both by influencing surface energy exchange as well as routing meltwater to eventually feed en- and subglacial drainage systems. Subglacial systems have received considerable scientific interest, but specific studies of supraglacial channels are sparse. This limited scientific understanding represents a missing [...]
Integrated multi-proxy source-to-sink analysis of the Lower Cretaceous of the Essaouira-Agadir Basin.
Published: 2021-04-20
Subjects: Geology, Sedimentology
This study investigates the Provenance of the Barremian-Aptian fluvial clastics exposed in the Essaouira-Agadir Basin which bears an important potential in terms of offshore feeding of reservoir sands. Thin section petrography and SEM, heavy minerals analysis, and detrital zircon dating were conducted and integrated with a large dataset of published low-temperature thermochronology studies to [...]