Preprints
There are 6255 Preprints listed.
Global and regional drivers of power plant CO2 emissions over the last three decades
Published: 2022-01-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The past three decades have witnessed the dramatic expansion of global biomass- and fossil fuel-fired power plants, but the tremendously diverse power infrastructure shapes different spatial and temporal CO2 emission characteristics. Here, by combining Global Power plant Emissions Database (GPED v1.1) constructed in this study and the previously developed China coal-fired power Plant Emissions [...]
Progressive weakening within the overriding plate during dual inward dipping subduction
Published: 2022-01-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The evolution of dual inward dipping subduction (DIDS) is crucial to understand multiple slab interaction. Yet, how DIDS influences the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the overriding plate remains unclear, as previous DIDS investigations all applied a compositional or Newtonian rheology that excludes temperature dependency. Here we apply a composite rheology, including temperature dependent creep [...]
Experimental multiblast craters and ejecta — seismo-acoustics, jet characteristics, craters, and ejecta deposits and implications for volcanic explosions
Published: 2022-01-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Blasting experiments were performed that investigate multiple explosions that occur in quick succession in unconsolidated ground and their effects on host material and atmosphere. Such processes are known to occur during phreatomagmatic eruptions at various depths, lateral locations, and energies. The experiments follow a multi-instrument approach in order to observe phenomena in the atmosphere [...]
Diapycnal Displacement, Diffusion, and Distortion of Tracers in the Ocean
Published: 2022-01-07
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Fluid Dynamics, Non-linear Dynamics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Small-scale mixing drives the diabatic upwelling that closes the abyssal ocean overturning circulation. Indirect microstructure measurements of in situ turbulence suggest that mixing is bottom enhanced over rough topography, implying downwelling in the interior and stronger upwelling in a sloping bottom boundary layer. Tracer release experiments (TREs), in which inert tracers are purposefully [...]
Dynamics of Eddying Abyssal Mixing Layers over Sloping Rough Topography
Published: 2022-01-07
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The abyssal overturning circulation is thought to be primarily driven by small-scale turbulent mixing. Diagnosed water-mass transformations are dominated by rough topography “hotspots,” where the bottom enhancement of mixing causes the diffusive buoyancy flux to diverge, driving widespread downwelling in the interior—only to be overwhelmed by an even stronger upwelling in a thin bottom boundary [...]
Quantifying Streamflow Depletion from Groundwater Pumping: A Practical Review of Past and Emerging Approaches for Water Management
Published: 2022-01-07
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Hydrology, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Groundwater pumping can cause reductions in streamflow (“streamflow depletion”) that must be quantified for conjunctive management of groundwater and surface water resources. However, streamflow depletion cannot be measured directly and is challenging to estimate because pumping impacts are masked by streamflow variability due to other factors. Here, we conduct a management-focused review of [...]
Time-series analysis and statistical forecasting of daily rainfall in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: a pilot study
Published: 2022-01-06
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
This pilot study presents a novel statistical time-series approach for analyzing daily rainfall data in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. By using the piecewise cubic hermite interpolation algorithm, we succeeded in filling in the null values in the daily rainfall time series. We then analyzed the monthly average and its pattern using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) algorithm, which [...]
Toward Real-time Microseismic Event Detection using the YOLOv3 Algorithm
Published: 2022-01-05
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Real-time microseismic monitoring is essential for understanding fractures associated with underground fluid injection in unconventional reservoirs. However, microseismic events recorded on monitoring arrays are usually contaminated with strong noise. With a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/R), the detection of microseismic events is challenging using conventional detection methods such as the [...]
Alpine subduction zone metamorphism in the Paleozoic successions of the Monti Romani (Northern Apennines, Italy)
Published: 2022-01-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The hinterland of the Cenozoic Northern Apennines fold-and-thrust belt exposes the metamorphic roots of the chain, vestiges of the subduction-related tectono-metamorphic evolution that led to the buildup of the Alpine orogeny in the Mediterranean region. Like in other peri-Mediterranean belts, the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Paleozoic continental basement in the Apennines is still poorly [...]
The DIC carbon isotope evolutions during CO2 bubbling: implications for ocean acidification laboratory culture
Published: 2022-01-05
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry
Ocean acidification increases pCO2 and decreases pH of seawater and its impact on marine organisms has emerged as a key research focus. In addition to directly measured variables such as growth or calcification rate, stable isotopic tracers such as carbon isotopes have also been used to more completely understand the physiological processes contributing to the response of organisms to ocean [...]
Initial estuarine response to the nutrient-rich Piney Point release into Tampa Bay, Florida
Published: 2022-01-05
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring
From March 30th to April 9th, 2021, 814 million liters of legacy phosphate mining wastewater and marine dredge water from the Piney Point facility were released into lower Tampa Bay (Florida, USA). This resulted in an estimated addition of 186 metric tons of total nitrogen, exceeding typical annual external nitrogen load estimates to lower Tampa Bay in a matter of days. Elevated levels of [...]
Meltwater generation in ice stream shear margins: case study in Antarctic ice streams
Published: 2022-01-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Liquid water within glacier ice and at the glacier beds exerts a significant control on ice flow and glacier stability through a number of processes, including altering the rheology of the ice and lubricating the bed. Some of this water is generated as melt in regions of rapid deformation, including shear margins, due to heating by viscous dissipation. However, how much meltwater is generated and [...]
Seismic velocity recovery in the subsurface: transient damage and groundwater drainage following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal
Published: 2022-01-04
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Shallow earthquakes frequently disturb the hydrological and mechanical state of the subsurface, with consequences for hazard and water management. Transient post-seismic hydrological behaviour has been widely reported, suggesting that the recovery of material properties (relaxation) following ground shaking may impact groundwater fluctuations. However, the monitoring of seismic velocity [...]
Energetic Formulation of Large-Deformation Poroelasticity
Published: 2022-01-03
Subjects: Engineering
The modeling of coupled fluid transport and deformation in a porous medium is essential to predict the various geomechanical process such as CO2 sequestration, hydraulic fracturing, and so on. Current applications of interest, for instance, that include fracturing or damage of the solid phase, require a nonlinear description of the large deformations that can occur. This paper presents a [...]
A scalable framework for quantifying field-level agricultural carbon outcomes
Published: 2022-01-01
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Agriculture contributes nearly a quarter of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which is motivating interest in certain farming practices that have the potential to reduce GHG emissions or sequester carbon in soil. The related GHG emission (including N2O and CH4) and changes in soil carbon stock are defined here as “agricultural carbon outcomes”. Accurate quantification of agricultural carbon [...]