Preprints
There are 6406 Preprints listed.
Internal Planetary Feedbacks, Mantle Dynamics, and Plate Tectonics
Published: 2022-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Sciences, Tectonics and Structure
Isolating planetary feedbacks, and feedback analysis, are prevalent aspects of climate and Earth surface process science. An under appreciation of internal planet feedbacks, and feedback analysis for plate tectonics research, motivate this chapter. We review feedbacks that influence the Earth's thermal evolution and expand them to include magmatic history and planetary water budgets. The [...]
Investment needs to achieve SDGs: an overview
Published: 2022-03-18
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Estimating the investments needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is key to mobilising the financial resources to achieve them. Despite an increasing body of research to estimate the capital and operational costs towards achieving various related SDG targets individually and collectively, an overview of the total estimated investment needs at the global [...]
African sand storms, blood rain, and continental mineral delivery to the Canary Islands
Published: 2022-03-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The origin of volcanism in the Canary Islands has been a matter of controversy for decades. Discussions have hinged on whether the Canaries owe their origin to seafloor fractures associated with the Atlas Mountain range or to an underlying plume or hotspot of uprising hot material from the deep mantle. The debate has recently concluded, however, following the discovery of nannofossils preserved [...]
Large-area mapping of active cropland and short-term fallows in smallholder landscapes using PlanetScope data
Published: 2022-03-17
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Nature and Society Relations, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Cropland mapping in smallholder landscapes is challenged by complex and fragmented landscapes, labor-intensive and unmechanized land management causing high within-field variability, rapid dynamics in shifting cultivation systems, and substantial proportions of short-term fallows. To overcome these challenges, we here present a large-area mapping framework to identify active cropland and [...]
Cloud-based interactive susceptibility modeling of natural hazards in Google Earth Engine
Published: 2022-03-17
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present an interactive tool for susceptibility modeling in Google Earth Engine (GEE). Our tool requires few input data and makes use of the breadth of predictors' information available in GEE. In this cloud computing environment, binary classifiers typical of susceptibility models can be called and fed with information related to mapping units and any natural hazards' distribution over the [...]
On the estimation of landslide intensity, hazard and density via data-driven models
Published: 2022-03-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Maps that attempt to predict landslide occurrences have essentially stayed the same since Brabb, E.E., Pampeyan, E.H. and Bonilla, M.G. (1972) Landslide susceptibility in San Mateo County, California (No. 360), US Geological Survey. The tools have certainly changed in fifty years. But, the geomorphological community addressed and still addresses this issue by estimating whether a given slope is [...]
Complex multi-source emissions quantification results for the PoMELO vehicle measurement system, test results from the CSU METEC facility
Published: 2022-03-17
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Other Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Systems Engineering
Methane emissions from oil and gas sites are often characterized by mixed plumes from multiple sources in close proximity. This presents a challenge for screening methods that rely on emissions quantification to direct and prioritize follow-up inspections. Here, we present results from experiments evaluating mixed-source quantifications using the University of Calgary Portable Methane Leak [...]
Rapid tremor migration during few minute-long slow earthquakes in Cascadia
Published: 2022-03-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Slow earthquakes are now commonly found to display a wide range of durations, moments, and slip and propagation speeds. But not all types of slow earthquakes have been examined in detail. Here we probe tremor bursts with durations between 1 and 30 minutes, which are likely driven by few minute-long bursts of aseismic slip. We use a coherence based technique to detect thousands of tremor bursts [...]
Self-replicating subduction zone initiation by polarity reversal
Published: 2022-03-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
Subduction zones have recurrently formed on Earth. Previous studies have, however, suggested that they are unlikely to start in the interior of a pristine ocean. Instead, they seem to be more likely to form from another pre-existing subduction zone. One widely cited conceptual model to start new subduction zones is polarity reversal, resulting from the shutdown of a pre-existent subduction zone [...]
User guide of Google Earth Engine based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Tool
Published: 2022-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Working with Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Models: A Practical Guide
Published: 2022-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Dynamic rupture models are physics-based simulations that couple fracture mechanics to wave propagation and are used to explain specific earthquake observations or to generate a suite of predictions to understand the influence of frictional, geometrical, stress and material parameters. These simulations can model single earthquakes or multiple earthquake cycles. The objective of this paper is to [...]
Fire-vegetation interactions in Arctic tundra and their spatial variability
Published: 2022-03-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Plant Sciences, Remote Sensing, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Circumpolar tundra has experienced a greater increase in temperatures compared to any other biome, with a magnitude of the increase nearly three times the global average. Widespread shrubification associated with pronounced observed warming is gradually transforming the tundra ecosystem structure and function. This study confirms that a shrub-dominated fire-biomass positive feedback loop is [...]
LSTM with forget gates optimized by Optuna for lithofacies prediction
Published: 2022-03-15
Subjects: Computational Engineering
One of major technical competitions in energy industry relates to how optimally deep-learning architectures we can design. Optimization of hyperparameters is treated as labor-intensive. However, it is important to tune the parameters especially when we deal with relatively small targets, yet high-impact consequences can be resulted. In this study, we adapt Optuna, the global optimizer, for tuning [...]
Multilevel multifidelity Monte Carlo methods for assessing coastal flood risk
Published: 2022-03-14
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Risk Analysis, Statistical Methodology, Statistics and Probability
When choosing an appropriate hydrodynamic model, there is always a compromise between accuracy and computational cost, with high fidelity models being more expensive than low fidelity ones. However, when assessing uncertainty, we can use a multifidelity approach to take advantage of the accuracy of high fidelity models and the computational efficiency of low fidelity models. Here, we apply the [...]
Real-Time Streamflow Forecasting Framework, Implementation and Post-Analysis Using Deep Learning
Published: 2022-03-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences
Rainfall-runoff modeling and streamflow prediction using deep learning algorithms have been studied significantly in the last few years. The majority of these studies focus on the simulation and testing of historical datasets. Deployment and operation of a real-time streamflow forecast model using deep learning will face additional data and computational challenges such as inaccurate rainfall [...]