Preprints
There are 5516 Preprints listed.
Structure and kinematics of an extensional growth fold, Hadahid Fault System, Suez Rift, Egypt
Published: 2020-04-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Normal faulting drives extensional growth folding of the Earth’s upper crust during continental extension, yet we know little of how fold geometry relates to the structural segmentation of the underlying fault. We use field data from the Hadahid Fault System, Suez Rift, Egypt to investigate the geometry and kinematics of a large (30 km long, up to 2.5 km displacement), exceptionally well exposed [...]
Streamflow depletion from groundwater pumping in contrasting hydrogeological landscapes: Evaluation and sensitivity of a new management tool
Published: 2020-04-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Groundwater pumping can reduce streamflow by reducing groundwater discharge and/or inducing streamflow infiltration, which together are referred to as streamflow depletion. Recently, analytical depletion functions (ADFs) have been suggested as rapid and accurate tools for streamflow depletion assessment, but their performance has only been tested in a few hydrogeological settings. To evaluate [...]
Protecting rivers by integrating supply-wastewater infrastructure planning and coordinating operational decisions
Published: 2020-04-30
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
Placing water quality in rivers at the centre of water infrastructure planning and management is an important objective. In response there has been a range of whole system analyses. Few studies, however, consider both abstraction (water removed from rivers) and discharge (water returned) to inform the future planning of water systems. In this work we present a systems approach to analysing future [...]
Quantitative analysis of a footwall-scarp degradation complex and syn-rift stratigraphic architecture, Exmouth Plateau, NW Shelf, offshore Australia
Published: 2020-04-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Interactions between footwall-, hangingwall- and axial-derived depositional systems make syn-rift stratigraphic architecture difficult to predict, and preservation of net-erosional source landscapes is limited. Distinguishing between deposits derived from fault-scarp degradation (consequent systems) and those derived from long-lived catchments beyond the fault block crest (antecedent systems) is [...]
Setting up the preservation of fluvial channel belts
Published: 2020-04-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Subsidence alone is often too slow to create the necessary relief needed to preserve continuous channel belts over 10s of km, as are often observed in outcrops on Earth and Mars, as well as subsurface seismic volumes. However, an alternative source of topographic relief exists along US Gulf of Mexico and SE Atlantic coastal plains, which are regions generally considered flat. Alluvial ridges, [...]
Using thermal springs to quantify deep groundwater flow and its thermal footprint in the Alps and North American orogens
Published: 2020-04-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The extent of deep groundwater flow in mountain belts and its thermal effects are uncertain. Here, we use a new database of discharge, temperature and composition of thermal springs in the Alps to estimate the extent of deep groundwater flow and its contribution to the groundwater and heat budget. The results indicate that springs are fed exclusively by meteoric water and make up 0.1% of the [...]
Global projections of compound coastal meteorological extremes
Published: 2020-04-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Compound coastal and inland flooding can result in catastrophic impacts in densely populated low-lying coastal areas. The dynamics and interactions between the underlying meteorological drivers in view of climate change are not fully understood at global scale. Here, we show that under a high emissions scenario the concurrence probability of extreme meteorological tides and inland precipitation [...]
Modeling the spatial dynamics of marsh ponds in New England salt marshes
Published: 2020-04-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ponds are common features on salt marshes, yet it is unclear how they affect large-scale marsh evolution. We developed a spatially explicit model that combines cellular automata for pond formation, expansion, and drainage, and partial differential equations for elevation dynamics. We use the mesotidal Barnstable marsh (MA, USA) as a case study, for which we measured pond expansion rate by remote [...]
Inter-model spread in the pattern effect and its contribution to climate sensitivity in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
Published: 2020-04-24
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Radiative feedbacks depend on the spatial patterns of sea-surface temperature (SST) and thus can change over time as SST patterns evolve – the so-called ‘pattern effect’. This study investigates inter-model differences in the magnitude of the pattern effect and how these differences contribute to the spread in the effective equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) within CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. [...]
Runout of rock avalanches limited by basal friction but controlled by fragmentation
Published: 2020-04-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rock avalanches display exceptionally long runouts, which are found to correlate with their volume and attributed to size dependent dynamic lowering of the effective basal friction. However, even for similar volumes, runouts are seen to span several orders of magnitude suggesting additional controlling factors. Here, we document experiments with analogue models of rock avalanches aimed at testing [...]
Using large-scale NO2 data from citizen science for air quality compliance and policy support
Published: 2020-04-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Citizen science projects that monitor air quality have recently drastically expanded in scale. Projects involving thousands of citizens generate spatially dense datasets using low-cost passive samplers for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which complement data from the sparse reference network operated by environmental agencies. However, there is a critical bottleneck in using these citizen-derived [...]
A seismic monitoring approach to detect and quantify river sediment mobilisation by steelhead redd-building activity
Published: 2020-04-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The role of spawning salmonids in altering river bed morphology and sediment transport is significant yet poorly understood. This is due, in large part, to limitations in monitoring the redd-building process in a continuous and spatially extended way. A complementary approach may be provided through the use of a small seismic sensor network analysing the ground motion signals generated by the [...]
Lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic reduces air pollution in cities worldwide
Published: 2020-04-19
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Drastic measures such as lockdown taken by countries worldwide to contain spread of COVID-19 have influenced air pollution dynamics substantially, at a planetary scale. Several media reported the lockdown induced air pollution reduction based on quickly assembled satellite observations. However, a global-scale analysis of such reduction in air pollution backed by quality data collected from [...]
Palaeotidal atlas of the UK for the last 10,000 years
Published: 2020-04-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Over the past 10,000 years the UK has seen dramatic changes to its coastline due to sea-level rise. Past changes in sea level can be estimated from analysis of sedimentary deposits, including any microfossil assemblages found within. Once dated and the elevation is know, these data become sea level index points (SLIPs). In recreating past sea level in this way there is an implicit assumption of [...]
Lateral variability in strain along a mass-transport deposit (MTD) toewall: a case study from the Makassar Strait, offshore Indonesia
Published: 2020-04-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Contractional features characterise the toe domain of mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Their frontal geometry is typically classified as frontally-confined or frontally-emergent. However, it remains unclear how frontal emplacement style and contractional strain within an MTD can vary along strike. We use bathymetry and 3D seismic reflection data to investigate lateral variability of frontal [...]