Preprints
There are 6295 Preprints listed.
Dual and divergent formation pathways govern the composition and origins of mineral-associated organic carbon
Published: 2025-08-13
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is the largest and most stable soil carbon reservoir, playing a central role in soil health and climate mitigation. Yet, quantitative understanding is lacking for the two fundamental processes forming MAOM— adsorption of dissolved organic matter and aggregation of insoluble organic particles—and how each pathway incorporates plant- versus microbial-derived [...]
High-ambition climate action in all sectors can achieve a 60% greenhouse gas emissions reduction in Korea by 2035
Published: 2025-08-13
Subjects: Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Under the Paris Agreement’s ratchet mechanism, countries are expected to enhance their nationally determined contributions (NDCs), including new targets for 2035. For Korea, one of the world’s largest CO2 emitters, the challenge is to strengthen its existing policy framework to not only ensure the achievement of its 2030 NDC but also support a more ambitious 2035 pathway. This study employs an [...]
Alaskan Glacier Depths from a Decade of Airborne Radar Sounding
Published: 2025-08-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences
NASA’s Operation IceBridge employed airborne radar sounders in Alaska and adjacent northwestern Canada between 2012-2021 to measure the thickness of the region’s glaciers. Here we present the first comprehensive analysis of these data, providing over 5,500 linear-km of ice thickness and bed elevation measurements – constituting the greatest ice thickness inventory for this region to date. Aside [...]
Consecutive Dry Days as a Scale-Dependent Predictor of Tropical Peatland Fire Occurrence in Indonesia
Published: 2025-08-13
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Meteorology
Tropical peatland fires in Indonesia generate severe environmental, health, and economic impacts, yet current fire prediction systems exhibit scale-dependent limitations. This study investigates the relationship between Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) indices and fire occurrence across multiple spatial scales in South Sumatra and West Kalimantan provinces (2015-2019). Using hierarchical buffer [...]
Enhanced weathering and its potential connection to ocean oxygenation and eukaryotic evolution at 1.57 Ga
Published: 2025-08-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chemical weathering is a critical Earth system process that regulates climate, ocean chemistry and the long-term carbon cycle. During the mid-Proterozoic (~1.8‒0.8 Ga), chemical weathering is generally considered to have been relatively muted, but this perception remains largely untested, limiting our understanding of the drivers of purported oxygenation events and coeval biological evolution. [...]
Long-term trends and drivers of water color in Missouri reservoirs
Published: 2025-08-12
Subjects: Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Contrasting water quality trends are occurring within and across North America, with waterbodies experiencing increasing phytoplankton blooms, increasing dissolved organic matter, or both, while others are becoming clearer and bluer; dramatically changing water color. To assess the spatial and temporal variability in water color, we quantified trends in satellite-derived dominant wavelength (λd) [...]
Woodside’s North West Shelf gas extraction project extension: a case study in how opacity in Australia’s Safeguard Mechanism increases costs to other companies as it enlarges the mitigation challenge
Published: 2025-08-12
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Woodside’s North West Shelf gas facility was recently granted conditional approval to continue operations until 2070. Should the project receive the final go-ahead, followed by an approval of Woodside’s connected Browse-to-North West Shelf offshore gas project, significant quantities of greenhouse gases would be released over a roughly 40-year period, points on public record. The novel [...]
Development of a Streamlit-Based Deep Learning Tool for Instant Soil Classification from Borehole Grain Size Data
Published: 2025-08-12
Subjects: Engineering
Soil classification is an important part of geology in geotechnical engineering, because it affects the design of foundations, slope stability, and the safety of the construction site. This study presents an easy, dependable, and intelligent soil classification framework using a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) deep learning model. Data used to train the MLP model included both real borehole grain [...]
The outcome and economics of operator select to manage brush and thin longleaf pine stands
Published: 2025-08-12
Subjects: Forest Management, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences
We present a case study where loggers thinned and managed brush in longleaf pine stands that went unmanaged for a lengthy period in Trinity County, Texas, U.S.A. Stands were overstocked and had a dense, shrubby understory from years of fire exclusion. Our main objectives were to compare the outcomes of loggers selecting trees to thin, or “operator select”, versus timber marking, and whether they [...]
Virunga Volcanoes Supersite Biennial Report: 2017- 2019
Published: 2025-08-09
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Virunga Volcanoes is the first Supersite established on the African continent in a highly populated Multi-hazards region. This permanent Supersite was established in a critical context as little was known about the Virunga hazards sources and their dynamics, and little done as measures to evaluate, mitigate and reduce their impacts. Similarly, the active volcanoes are poorly studied and [...]
Analysis of geomagnetic secular variation for the last 1.5 Ma recorded by volcanic rocks of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt: new data from Sierra de Chichinautzin, Mexico
Published: 2025-08-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The great wealth of volcanism along the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) and the need to improve the secular variation curve of the Earth magnetic field of the region is the aim of this research. 300 oriented cores from 33 sites and 21 individual cooling units were acquired from Sierra de Chichinautzin volcanic field (ChVF) and Sierra de Santa Catarina (SSC). Directional analysis and rock [...]
Technological Adaptation Outpaces Climate Impacts on Aviation: Evidence from Three Decades of Warming
Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Climate impact assessments frequently prioritize projections over empirical validation of operational outcomes. We introduce and apply a generalizable empirical validation framework that (i) separates operational encounters from safety outcomes and (ii) tests climate → operations linkages via physical mechanism validation with explicit detectability bounds. Using 33 years (1991–2023) of U.S. [...]
22 Years Later: Evaluating Glover & Smith’s 2003 Predictions of the 2025 Deep-Sea Ecosystem
Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Life Sciences, Marine Biology
Earth’s deep-sea ecosystem remains one of the least explored and understood ecosystems on the planet. Human interest in the resources available in the deep-sea must be balanced with potential harm to the deep-sea ecosystem. Accurately predicting the effect on human impact on the deep-sea floor can help guide policies and actions today. This research evaluates prior predictions of human impact on [...]
Prioritizing wildfire fuel management in California
Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The resources available for managing wildfire risk are insufficient and ultimately finite, while the risk of catastrophic fires is enormous and growing. Prioritization of responses is thus critical, but the basis for comparing the costs and societal benefits of alternative investments in wildfire mitigation is inadequate. Here, we assess and compare the costs of landscape-scale fuel treatment in [...]
The Global Woody Surface: A Planetary Interface for Biodiversity, Ecosystem Function, and Climate
Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Forest Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation
Global woody surfaces span an area nearly equivalent to Earth’s terrestrial land surface and mediate CO2 fluxes three times larger than global fossil fuel emissions and methane uptake comparable to the global soil sink, yet remain absent from ecological research and Earth system models despite their critical roles in biodiversity and ecosystem services.