Preprints
There are 5977 Preprints listed.
Pliocene to Holocene deformation and earthquake potential of the Mesamávida fault, West Andean Thrust System of central-southern Chile (36ºS)
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Crustal reverse faults are recognized for their potential to generate devastating earthquakes, making them a focus of seismic hazard assessment. Along the Chilean Andes, the Western Andean Thrust System (WATS)—a structure marking the Central Valley-Principal Cordillera border—includes several probable late Quaternary faults. However, evidence for large Holocene earthquakes (M~7) has only been [...]
The complex rupture dynamics of an oceanic transform fault: supershear rupture and deep slip during the 2024 Mw7.0 Cape Mendocino Earthquake
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The December 5, 2024, Mw7.0 Cape Mendocino earthquake ruptured an oceanic transform fault within the tectonically complex Mendocino Triple Junction (MTJ), the most seismically active region of California and caused a soon-lifted tsunami evacuation alert. Its offshore location renders accurate analysis of source characteristics challenging. We integrate back-projection, geodetic and kinematic slip [...]
WASHed in stereotypes: A rigorous review of water-gender narratives in LMICs
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Over the past few decades, water programs have positioned women as primary beneficiaries, aiming to empower them through improved access and participation. In doing so, several gendered narratives have emerged, widely circulated but seldom interrogated, that continue to shape water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) policy and practice. Despite a growing body of literature on WASH and gender, there [...]
Decision-making under uncertainty for shallow geothermal systems in complex subsurface settings: application to a low-transmissivity aquifer
Published: 2025-05-08
Subjects: Geology, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Sustainability
Excess thermal energy can be stored in the subsurface and recovered when needed to heat and cool buildings sustainably. Aquifer thermal energy storage systems (ATES) are gaining popularity worldwide. Most operational systems are located in thick productive aquifers. Their efficiency and wide applicability have been proven and there is now a tendency to explore more complex settings. Aquifers with [...]
Statistical Physics of Fissure Swarms and Dike Swarms
Published: 2025-05-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fissure swarms and dike swarms in Iceland are 40-150 km long, 5-20 km wide, extend to depths of 10-20 km and contain 2 × 10exp14 outcrop-scale ( 0.1 m) and 10 exp 22-23 down to grain-scale (1 mm) fractures, suggesting that statistical physics is an appropriate method of analysis. Length-size distributions of 565 outcrop-scale Holocene fissures (tension fractures and normal faults) and 1041 [...]
Innovation in environmental sustainability: carbon credits with proof of reserve on rural properties according to the standards of regulated markets
Published: 2025-05-07
Subjects: Agriculture
Farms are increasingly recognized as carbon sinks with significant potential to mitigate climate change. This study documents how farms can become positive climate assets by using portable sensors, satellite imagery, blockchain, and AI to quantify and monetize carbon removal. This technological integration enables the issuance of traceable and secure carbon credits, promoting sustainable land use [...]
Duration of Super-Emitting Oil & Gas Methane Sources
Published: 2025-05-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The duration of super-emitting events in oil & gas basins remains poorly understood but is key for informing reporting programs and mitigation strategies. Carbon Mapper conducted intensive aerial surveys from April 30 to May 17, 2024, over the New Mexico portion of the Permian Basin to estimate super-emitter durations directly from observations, covering 276,000 wells, 1100 compressor [...]
Earthquake Swarm in Santorini - Greece: Recurrence Quantification Analysis and Investigation of Causal Relationship with Tidal Forces
Published: 2025-05-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In early 2025, an unusual earthquake swarm initiated in the sea area of the small uninhabited islet Anydros between Santorini and Amorgos islands in Greece. The unusual nature of this seismic activity and its subsequent seismic follow-up, motivated us to study its dynamical and statistical features. Namely, we investigated for a potential causal relationship between a simple model of [...]
Global Energy Sector Methane Emissions Estimated by using Facility-Level Satellite Observations
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Methane emissions from energy sector facilities (oil, gas, and coal) represent a significant contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions with substantial mitigation potential. We estimate global 2023 methane emissions from energy sector point-sources using the high spatial resolution GHGSat satellite constellation. GHGSat detected 8.30±0.24 Mt yr-1 of methane emissions from 3,114 attributed [...]
The Apalachicola Barrier Island complex: a benchmark for MIS 5e (125 ka) sea-level oscillations?
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology
Coastal sandy barrier systems develop under moderate wave energy, sufficient sediment supply, and adequate accommodation space, and can preserve critical paleoenvironmental records of past sea-level variations, climatic shifts, and storm histories within their geomorphological and stratigraphic frameworks. Beach ridges, identifiable on both horizontal (ridge-swale morphology) and vertical [...]
The Role of Climate Services for Health: Theoretical Case Studies on Heat-Health Warning Systems in India
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Public Health
Extreme heat is a growing public health concern across South Asia, with urban populations particularly vulnerable due to high population density, infrastructure gaps, and compounding socioeconomic risks. In this study, we assess the potential health benefits of Heat–Health Warning Systems (HHWS) as a Climate Service for Health (CSH) in urban India and explore their role in enhancing public health [...]
Marine Geohazards and Geo-Engineering Constraints on the Glaciated European Margins
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The glaciated European continental margins (spanning 49-82°N and 16°W-36°E) are home to a thriving offshore energy sector and densely inhabited coastal areas. These regions face numerous marine geohazards and geo-engineering challenges due to complex subsurface conditions shaped by large-scale geological and climate processes. The geological complexity of this area is among the highest globally, [...]
Characterizing compound physical and biogeochemical extremes in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Discrete environmental stressors, such as prolonged periods of extreme temperature or low oxygen, threaten the functioning of marine ecosystems. While considerable attention has been given to studying extremes occurring in isolation, our understanding of such events co-occurring in the water column–referred to as multi-stressor events or compound extremes–is still limited, despite their [...]
Comparative Analysis of Microbial Community Composition in Tropical Aquatic Ecosystems
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Microbiology
Aquatic ecosystems provide vital ecological services to global health through facilitating biogeochemical cycles, providing water for drinking & industrial usage, supporting fisheries, and preserving biodiversity. Critical elements such as climate change and growing anthropogenic pressures are causing changes in microbial communities, leading to far-reaching consequences for human health. [...]
Nitrogen Mineralization of Cover Crop Residue Depends on Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio and Soil Temperature
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Agriculture
Groundwater nitrate contamination is largely attributed to fertilizer and intensive livestock manure inputs in agricultural systems. California’s Salinas Valley is an area where state policy is aiming to reduce nitrate leaching. Non-legume winter cover crops can help decrease nitrate leaching by scavenging residual soil nitrogen (N) during winter fallow periods following the cropping season. [...]