Preprints
There are 5432 Preprints listed.
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Measurements from Saildrones, with Applications to Submesoscale Studies
Published: 2024-10-25
Subjects: Oceanography
Characterizing submesoscale ocean processes requires high-resolution observations in both space O(1 km) and time O(1 hr). One way to resolve submesoscale features is to deploy multiple mobile platforms, such as Saildrones (SDs), to achieve high-resolution synchronous measurements, but this requires velocity accuracies of O(1 cm/s) to resolve submesoscale velocity gradients. In this study, we [...]
Multi-Phase Tectonic and Volcanic Evolution of a Nascent Backarc Rift: Impacts of Spreading Centre Reorientation, Subduction Reversals, Ridge Collisions, and Asymmetric Slab Rollback on the Northern New Hebrides Backarc
Published: 2024-10-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Intra-oceanic backarc are characterized by crustal accretion along seafloor spreading axes; however, little is known about the initial rifting of the over-riding plate prior to the establishment of stable seafloor spreading. To address this knowledge gap, we investigate the ~3.5 Ma backarc troughs in the New Hebrides Subduction Zone. Using available bathymetric data, we developed [...]
A Novel Methodology to Map Hydrogen Storage Potential in Salt Caverns: A Case Study of the Midwestern and Appalachian Regions of the United States
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Sustainability
Hydrogen is widely understood to be critical for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors like heavy industry, and long-distance transportation as well as balancing a variable renewable energy dominated power grid. Here, we propose a methodology for evaluating the potential for hydrogen storage in geological salt resources. This methodology starts with a characterization of salt resources by [...]
Towards surface-wave tomography with 3D resolution and uncertainty
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Surface-wave tomography is crucial for mapping upper-mantle structure in poorly instrumented regions such as the oceans. However, data sparsity and errors lead to tomographic models with complex resolution and uncertainty, which can impede meaningful physical interpretations. Accounting for the full 3D resolution and robustly estimating model uncertainty remains challenging in surface-wave [...]
A new unit Weibull distribution
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A new 2 parameter unit Weibull distribution is defined on the unit interval (0,1). The methodology of deducing its PDF, some of its properties and related functions are discussed. The paper is supplied by many figures illustrating the new distribution and how this can make it illegible to fit a wide range of skewed data.
Discussion of Košťák et al. (2021), Fossil evidence for vampire squid inhabiting oxygen-depleted ocean zones since at least the Oligocene.
Published: 2024-10-23
Subjects: Geology, Paleontology
Košťák et al. (2021) is important in presenting the first known Cenozoic fossil of a vampyromorph. Some modifications to the interpretations are needed, however. The first concerns inferring water depth habitat of non-benthic animals from fossils found in deep water sediments. The second concerns the water depth estimates for the La Voulte-sur-Rhône exceptionally preserved biota (La Voulte EPB), [...]
Bioremediation of multiple heavy metals through biostimulation of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation at varying calcium-to-urea concentrations
Published: 2024-10-23
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Studies on heavy metal bioremediation through Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) typically involve bioaugmentation approaches that use low calcium-to-urea ratios and target single contaminants. We present an investigation on the efficiency of soils’ autochthonous ureolytic bacteria to simultaneously remediate multiple heavy metals and sequester carbon through urea hydrolysis and MICP [...]
Tropical thermocline helps power Pacific equatorial upwelling
Published: 2024-10-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Upwelling in the equatorial Pacific Ocean exerts a primary influence on the Earth’s climate, but there is great uncertainty on whether this influence will intensify or weaken under global warming. The dominant dynamical theory of equatorial upwelling argues that the easterly trade winds ’pull’ water up towards the surface via Ekman suction. In contrast, studies of decadal variability suggest that [...]
Application of machine learning methods to forecast petrophysical properties in basalts of the Serra Geral Group: Implications for carbon storage
Published: 2024-10-22
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study applies machine learning techniques for forecasting petrophysical properties (density, porosity, and permeability) in the basalts of the Serra Geral Group, located in the Paraná Basin, Brazil. These properties are crucial for the successful implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS), an important technology to combat climate change. Employing machine learning models—XGBoost, [...]
Computational Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Flood Inflows Using Remote Sensing and SWAT: A Case Study of Ban Chat Reservoir, Northern Vietnam
Published: 2024-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines the changes in land cover and three water quality indicators (chlorophyll-a, colored dissolved organic matter, turbidity) using Sentinel-2 imagery in the Ban Chat hydropower area in Northern Vietnam during the period of 2016--2024. To assess the potential impact of flood flows into the Ban Chat reservoir, key information is extracted from remote sensing data, which is the [...]
DARTS: Multi-year database of AI-detected retrogressive thaw slumps in the circum-arctic permafrost region
Published: 2024-10-20
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTS) and Active Layer Detachment Slides (ALD) are widespread thermal mass-wasting hillslope failures triggered by thawing permafrost. Despite increasing rates of these failures, knowledge about their pan-arctic spatial and temporal distribution remains limited. We present the Database of AI-detected Arctic RTS and ALD footprints (DARTS), the largest hillslope [...]
The Rainy Continental Snow climate: Global comparison with 40 years of snow cover modeled in the Chic-Chocs, northeastern Appalachians mountains.
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the snow and avalanche climate of the Chic-Chocs region of the Gaspé Peninsula, located in the northeastern Appalachians of eastern Canada. The data revealed two major components of the snow climate: a cold snow cover combined with a maritime influence causing melt/ice layers through rain-on-snow events. The CRCM6-SNOWPACK model chain was good at [...]
Fluoride concentration in groundwater and relationship with the sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) Fluoride concentration in groundwater
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Groundwater is the largest freshwater reserve on the planet, and its quality plays a fundamental role in human well-being and economic development. However, it sometimes contains potentially harmful compounds, such as fluoride in high concentrations, which has led to the implementation of quality standards to ensure water potability. This study evaluates the concentrations of fluoride in [...]
Building Resilient Sanitation Systems in Malawi: Pit-latrine Costs, Collapse, and Management
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Engineering
Despite widespread access to basic sanitation in Malawi, over 75% of the population lacks improved sanitation facilities. This national study investigates the resilience of pit-latrines across Malawi, focusing on the relationship between construction quality, facility lifespan, and collapse frequency. A survey of 268,000 pit-latrines revealed that high-quality latrines (lined and with a slab) [...]
Climate change projects and youth engagement: Empowerment and contested knowledge.
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This study investigated youths’ empowerment through EU-funded climate change projects (CCPs) and the role that social research and public engagement have in that process. The importance of considering youth empowerment in a time of climate change is increasingly recognised. Youths are exposed to interrelated health, social, economic, and political vulnerabilities caused by climate change, but [...]