Preprints
There are 6197 Preprints listed.
Generative geomodelling: Deep Learning vs. Geostatistics
Published: 2025-06-21
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Generative geomodelling aims to simulate subsurface facies distributions while honoring multiple types of conditioning data and geological knowledge. This study selects three typical multiple-point statistics (MPS) approaches—Direct Sampling (DS), Quick Sampling (QS), and SNESIM—and two Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) workflows—post-GANs perturbation and GANSim—as representatives to compare [...]
CO2-Based Leaching of Sulfidic Peridotite Drives Critical Mineral Mobilization and Carbonate Precipitation
Published: 2025-06-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology
The transition towards green energy requires both carbon dioxide removal and consistent supplies of energy-critical minerals. Injection and mineralization of supercritical CO2 at active mafic and ultramafic-hosted mines provides a potential avenue to achieve both, through the stable geologic storage of carbon and subsequent mobilization of critical metals. A sample from the Eagle occurrence, an [...]
Changes in stratiform heating structure due to surface warming weaken and accelerate convectively coupled Kelvin waves
Published: 2025-06-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Although stratiform heating plays a crucial role in tropical convective systems, we do not fully understand (1) how stratiform heating would change in response to surface warming and (2) how those changes would affect convectively-coupled equatorial waves. This study analyzes the changes in stratiform heating structure and convectively-coupled Kelvin waves (KWs) associated with surface warming [...]
Satellite-based assessment of methane emissions from the Darvaza gas crater
Published: 2025-06-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Methane (CH₄) is one of the most potent greenhouse gases, and the gas-burning Darvaza crater in Turkmenistan is a rare and persistent emitter. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the date of the crater formation (assumed to be either in 1963 or 1971), the ignition of the fire, and the relation between the fire intensity and methane release. In this study, we reconstruct the fire history [...]
Maintenance of convectively coupled Kelvin waves: relative importance of internal thermodynamic feedback and external momentum forcing
Published: 2025-06-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Previous studies suggest that convectively coupled Kelvin waves (KWs) are likely maintained by two distinct processes: (1) the internal thermodynamic feedback between KW diabatic heating and temperature and (2) the external momentum forcing from the midlatitude Rossby waves exerting on KW zonal wind. This study quantifies the relative importance of the two processes on KW maintenance by comparing [...]
Morphometric Evidence for Cenozoic Intraplate Reactivation in NW Uruguay
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Located in eastern South America, Uruguay has been considered tectonically inactive since rifting in the Late Cretaceous. Here, we use a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and field observations to investigate the presence of recent tectonic activity in the Basaltic Plateau, northwest Uruguay. Based on topographic, drainage network and field-based data, we identify evidence for [...]
Quantifying tidal impacts on Arctic sea ice: An unexpected mechanism for the regional delay of summer melting
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Oceanography
Tides are an important factor shaping the sea ice system in the Arctic Ocean, by altering vertical heat fluxes and advection patterns. Unfortunately, observations are sparse and the analysis of tides is complicated by the proximity of wind-driven inertial oscillations to the semi-diurnal frequencies. Furthermore, computational costs typically prohibit the inclusion of tides in ocean models, [...]
Land Use, Sustainability, and Democratic Backsliding
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Geography, Sustainability
Land use and land systems, i.e. how human societies manage and interact with land through social-ecological systems, are at the core of sustainability issues. Democratic backsliding, i.e. the decline or degradation of the institutions and social norms that sustain democratic societies, is a widespread and impactful trend, with strong but understudied two-ways linkages with land use dynamics. From [...]
Feasibility of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation in soils polluted by hydrocarbons
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Engineering
This study presents an investigation on the potential of biostimulation and bioaugmentation of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) in soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Biostimulation of urea hydrolysis by soil autochthonous ureolytic bacteria was not detected over 62 days. Flow cytometry revealed Sproposarcina pasteurii at initial OD600 = 0.01 was able to grow [...]
Deformation, Strains and Velocities for the Alpine Himalayan Belt from trans-continental Sentinel-1 InSAR & GNSS
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Surface velocities and strain rates from satellite geodesy have become essential tools for understanding the distribution of tectonic deformation, faulting and seismic hazard. However, across large regions of distributed continental deformation, such as the Alpine-Himalayan Belt, data are only sparsely available. While previous studies have mainly used spatially sparse GNSS to measure deformation [...]
Local Seismicity: Matched Filter Detection Routine with Synthetic Templates using 1D velocity model
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
This study evaluates the performance of Synthetic Template Matching for seismic event detection in the West Bohemia region (Czechia), comparing it with two established methods: the automated detector-locator PEPiN and an Artificial Neural Network. Synthetic templates are generated using a 1D velocity model and span a grid of five fundamental focal mechanisms (FMs), independent of any prior [...]
PDCD-DAT – A global database of pyroclastic density current deposit field data
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Pyroclastic density currents represent one of the deadliest hazards posed by active volcanoes. Analysis of their deposits provides valuable insights into their internal dynamics and informs numerical simulations of pyroclastic density currents which underpin many volcanic hazard assessments. We present PDCD-DAT, a global database of pyroclastic density current deposit characteristics compiled [...]
Quantifying lead (Pb) leaching from galvanized handpump spouts, leaded brass taps, and stainless-steel alternatives using the NSF 61 test protocol: Implications for safe rural water supply
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxin with no known safe level of exposure. Widespread lead contamination has been found in rural groundwater-supplied drinking water systems in low- and middle-income countries, potentially from corrosion of lead-containing materials such as galvanized steel and brass. National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) 61 is an international standard for certifying the safety of water [...]
Lead (Pb) contamination in drinking water in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Lead (Pb) in drinking water causes organ damage, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and lifelong neurological and developmental impairment, disproportionately harming infants and developing fetuses. However, evidence on lead in drinking water in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited and lacks robust synthesis, impeding action. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of [...]
Lagged impacts of groundwater pumping on streamflow due to stream drying: Incorporation into analytical streamflow depletion estimation methods
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Water management often requires accounting for reductions in streamflow caused by groundwater pumping (‘streamflow depletion’). Since streamflow depletion cannot be quantified from observational data, it is typically modeled. Analytical depletion functions (ADFs) are a low-cost, low-complexity approach for estimating streamflow depletion with utility for decision support, but ADFs adopt several [...]