Preprints
There are 6326 Preprints listed.
From Maps to Mandates: Multitemporal Vegetation Cover Analysis as a Tool to Evaluate Environmental Judicial Decisions
Published: 2025-07-23
Subjects: Biodiversity, Forest Management, Life Sciences, Research Methods in Life Sciences
This study examines the use of multitemporal vegetation cover analysis as a tool to assess the ecological effectiveness of judicial decisions that recognize the rights of nature, using Colombia’s 2016 T-622 decision on the Atrato River as a case study. Using satellite data from MapBiomas and generalized additive models (GAMs), we evaluated changes in ten types of vegetation cover between 2006 and [...]
Multilingual Community Visualizations (MCV): A GIS Dashboard for Linguistic Research and NWS Operations
Published: 2025-07-23
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
The NWS is actively expanding its multilingual outreach to better serve the 68.8 million U.S. individuals who speak a language other than English at home. Among these, 26.3 million individuals with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) are of particular concern, as they often rely entirely on translated forecasts to make life-saving decisions. Yet identifying where these populations are concentrated [...]
Machine learning estimates for G20 subnational GHG emissions from 2000-2020 using self-reported emissions data
Published: 2025-07-23
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Reliable, comparable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data at the subnational level remain scarce, despite growing expectations for cities and regions to lead on climate action. Inconsistent reporting, methodological variation, and limited coverage of self-reported inventories hinder efforts to track progress and guide mitigation opportunities. To address these challenges, we develop a machine [...]
Data Assimilation in Machine-Learned Reduced-order Model of Chaotic Earthquake Sequences
Published: 2025-07-22
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Realistic models of earthquake sequences can be simulated by assuming faults governed by rate-and-state friction embedded in an elastic medium. Exploring the possibility of using such models for earthquake forecasting is challenging due to the difficulty of integrating Partial Differential Equation (PDE) models with sparse, low-resolution observational data. This paper presents a [...]
A new method of assessing Climate Sensitivity.
Published: 2025-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Planetary Sciences
Abstract— The IPCC regards carbon dioxide as the most relevant driver of climate warming and their Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) refines this to a likely range of 2.5°C to 4.0°C and a very likely range of 2.0°C to 5.0°C for climate sensitivity to a doubling of present levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Since this is a very large range the need exists to find a method to better quantify climate [...]
Tephra fallout and associated deposits (Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, 3rd edition, book chapter)
Published: 2025-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The lifecycle of volcanic fall deposits begins with explosive fragmentation, continues as particles rise through the atmosphere, and culminates with sedimentation on the ground. This chapter explores how fall deposits can reveal the unique eruption and transport processes that shaped them. While we can directly observe modern eruptions to understand their dynamics, unobserved volcanic events are [...]
A Search for Life in the Universe Advances Life on Earth
Published: 2025-07-22
Subjects: Planetary Biogeochemistry, Planetary Geochemistry, Planetary Sciences
Astrobiology, while traditionally focused on understanding the origin of life on Earth and the potential for life elsewhere, offers powerful tools and insights for addressing urgent challenges on our planet. This perspective, written by early career researchers, calls for a deliberate integration of astrobiological research with applied sciences in environmental engineering, biotechnology, and [...]
Impact of oxygen release from bentonite on microbial activity, mineralogy, and steel corrosion
Published: 2025-07-19
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Geochemistry
Deep geological repositories for the disposal of radioactive waste rely partly on the integrity of canisters and on the inhibition of microbial growth by the bentonite barrier for the effective isolation of the waste from the environment. Canister integrity can be compromised by the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and by abiotic corrosion. Unexpected aerobic microbial growth and SRB [...]
Holocene relative sea-level changes from the Atlantic coast of South America
Published: 2025-07-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology
Holocene sea-level changes along the Atlantic coast of South America reflect a complex interplay between glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA), regional tectonics, and local sedimentary processes. However, the uneven spatial and temporal resolution of existing sea-level data has hindered regional-scale assessments. Here, we compile and standardize 1108 relative sea-level (RSL) data points from [...]
Existence of Charnockites in Hellas Basin, Mars
Published: 2025-07-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Charnockite, an orthopyroxene-bearing granitic rock, is formed under high-temperature and high-pressure environments. Charnockite exhibits spectral characteristics similar to mafic rocks in the VNIR region and shows low emissivity at ~ 8.5 µm due to its high quartz content in the TIR region. The association of charnockite with the Anorthosite-Mangerite-Charnockite-Granite suite make it a suitable [...]
Out of Afar: the first hominin migration? Long-term landscape changes in the Afar region and implications for hominin bipedalism
Published: 2025-07-19
Subjects: Paleontology
Tectonic and geomorphological processes in East Africa have long shaped the habitats and ecosystems within which hominins evolved, with the Afar Depression, created through rifting and plate reorganisation, a striking example of landscape isolation potentially shaping evolutionary opportunity. Yet climate change in Africa has traditionally been regarded as a key driver of behavioural adaptations, [...]
The Seismic Fingerprint of Tree Sway
Published: 2025-07-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme events like heat waves, droughts, and storms, placing forests under growing physiological and mechanical stress. Common indicators of tree stress, such as sap flow, stomatal conductance, water potential, or photosynthetic activity, provide valuable insights but are costly, maintenance-intensive, and difficult to scale for [...]
Desert dust exerts a substantial longwave radiative forcing missing from climate models
Published: 2025-07-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Historical increases in desert dust have affected climate by perturbing Earth’s energy balance, including through interactions with longwave radiation that remain poorly quantified. Here, we use a data-driven analytical model to estimate the global dust longwave direct radiative effect (DRE). Our results align with observational estimates of longwave radiative effects, constraining the [...]
Ice dynamic and hydrological response to ice-dammed lake drainages at Isunnguata Sermia, West Greenland
Published: 2025-07-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ice-marginal lakes are increasingly common around Greenland and are important for modulating glacier runoff and dynamics. This study investigates the evolution of a ~3 km2 and up to ~100 m deep ice-dammed lake at Isunnguata Sermia, West Greenland. Satellite observations between 1987 and 2024, and field observations of a 2023 drainage using passive seismics, GNSS and time-lapse imagery reveal that [...]
Comments on “Osmosis Drives Explosions and Methane Release in Siberian Permafrost” by Morgado et al. 2024
Published: 2025-07-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences
This commentary addresses the model proposed by Morgado et al. (2024) in their paper, “Osmosis Drives Explosions and Methane Release in Siberian Permafrost.” The model explores the role of osmotic pressures in explaining the formation of gas escape craters in the Western Siberian permafrost. While it presents a novel perspective on permafrost dynamics under climate change, three significant [...]