Preprints
There are 5725 Preprints listed.
Site Planning for a Network of Government-operated Weather Stations in the Dominican Republic Using Zonal Statistics from Geospatial Sources, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, and Neighborhood Analysis
Published: 2024-12-30
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Many weather station networks lack sufficient representativeness, and their station density is often inadequate to capture spatial and climatic variability effectively. Optimal site selection is therefore essential to enhance spatial coverage and improve data quality. This study proposes a methodology for identifying optimal sites for a meteorological station network in the Dominican Republic, [...]
Interpretability on agile machine learning models for hydrological predictions: A case study in the mega-disaster in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in May 4 2024
Published: 2024-12-30
Subjects: Hydrology
In May 2024, the region of the Rio Grande do Sul state experienced one of the worst floods in Brazilian history, affecting millions and causing severe damage to infrastructure. This study applies an agile hydrological forecasting approach using methods from traditional time-series models, such as ARIMA and SARIMA, and machine learning (ML) models, such as ElasticNet and LASSO. Data from [...]
Beyond Boundary Lines: Emerging Innovative Trends in Geospatial Data for Decision-Making
Published: 2024-12-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As technology and the use of data innovates and iterates by the second, so does the use and implementation of geospatial data into decision-making processes across the globe. The use of geospatial data is intertwined in every part of life with technology, from accessing bank transactions to adaptive navigational systems. This literature review identifies new and evolving trends in the use of [...]
The effects of stress gradients on faulting and dike emplacement, with applications to Santorini and Iceland
Published: 2024-12-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
All tectonic rock fractures develop in response to local stresses. The stress conditions for fracture formation has been analysed theoretically and experimentally and used to explain fracture patterns and activity in the field. How the local stresses themselves are generated, and then modified through fracture development, has received less attention. Here I show how local stress fields arise [...]
Cambrian foreland phosphogenesis in the Khuvsgul Basin of Mongolia
Published: 2024-12-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Ediacaran-Cambrian phosphorite deposits in northern Mongolia have been associated with a putative increase in nutrient delivery to the global oceans that drove oxygenation and the rise of animals. However, like many phosphorites from this ~130 Myr interval, the precise age and depositional setting of these deposits remain poorly constrained. Here, we integrate new geological mapping, [...]
AI-Driven Decision-Making for Water Resources Planning and Hazard Mitigation Using Automated Multi Agents
Published: 2024-12-27
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Computational Engineering, Computer and Systems Architecture, Computer Engineering, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Education, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Higher Education, Hydraulic Engineering, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Risk Analysis, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Systems Engineering, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Transportation Engineering
This project simulates the Multi-Hazard Tournament (MHT) framework, a decision support system designed for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, using AI agents to enhance decisionmaking processes for flood mitigation and water resource management. The objective of the framework is to develop optimal strategies for protecting water resources, habitats, and communities within a defined budget. The [...]
A 3D Darcy-scale reactive transport modeling of experimental wormhole formation in limestone under geological CO2 storage conditions
Published: 2024-12-27
Subjects: Transport Phenomena
Geologic CO2 storage is projected to play a key role in mitigating the climate change crisis. Changes in pore structure and hydraulic properties are likely to occur in carbonate rocks when they interact with CO2 as an acid-producing agent, potentially affecting CO2 flow and storage behavior in the subsurface. Here, we combine laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of CO2-saturated water [...]
Variation of climate and its temporal shifts across an altitudinal gradient of tropical rainforests of Sri Lanka
Published: 2024-12-26
Subjects: Forest Sciences
Climate and its variability strongly influence the structure and dynamics of tropical rainforests, a biome which is critical for regulation of the global climate. We characterized the climate of a series of rainforest plots in Sri Lanka across a wide altitudinal range (117 to 2132 m above sea level) during 1990-2018 and determined its temporal shifts from the climate of 1961-1989. Long-term [...]
Approach to setting the attribution of CO2 reductions for CCU fuels — Toward a system counting fuel selection as an emission reduction effort
Published: 2024-12-26
Subjects: Environmental Studies
As the global economy transitions towards carbon neutrality, innovative secondary energy sources are becoming increasingly pivotal. Hydrogen derived from zero-carbon power and synthetic fuels produced by bonding carbon dioxide (CO2) with hydrogen—hereafter referred to as Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) fuels in this article—are expected to complement electricity as critical components in [...]
Emulator-based Bayesian calibration of a subglacial drainage model
Published: 2024-12-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Subglacial drainage models, often motivated by the relationship between hydrology and ice flow, sensitively depend on numerous unconstrained parameters. We explore using borehole water-pressure timeseries to calibrate the uncertain parameters of a popular subglacial drainage model, taking a Bayesian perspective to quantify the uncertainty in parameter estimates and in the calibrated model [...]
Beyond fractures: the role of bedding planes in fluid flow pathways within a well-bedded carbonate sequence
Published: 2024-12-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Conventionally, subsurface fluid flow modelling studies have concentrated on the characterization of fracture networks and their capacity to facilitate vertical and lateral fluid movements. This study utilizes unique field observations of oxidation halos in a well-bedded carbonate sequence in the Paris Basin, France, offering new perspectives on fluid flow pathways. It demonstrates that, in [...]
Improved Streamflow Simulations in Hydrologically Diverse Basins using Physically Informed Deep Learning Models
Published: 2024-12-23
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Engineering, Hydrology
Physically informed deep learning models, especially Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, have shown promise in large-scale streamflow simulations. However, an in-depth understanding of the relative contribution of physical information in deep learning models has been missing. Using a large-sample testbed of 220 catchments in hydrologically diverse regions of the Indian subcontinent, we [...]
An environmental modeling algorithm to predict naturalized hydrology and water allocation status at human-influenced gauged sites: case study, Otago New Zealand
Published: 2024-12-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Recent New Zealand legislation requires that regional councils set limits for water resource usage to manage the effects of abstractions in over-allocated catchments. Toward that end, an environmental modeling algorithm is proposed and demonstrated for applicability to sustainable stream management across the Otago Region of New Zealand. This four-layer algorithm includes a Data model, Base [...]
Preliminary Development of Machine Learning Emulators for Long-Term Atmospheric CO2 Evolution
Published: 2024-12-22
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Environmental Chemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study evaluates machine learning emulators for modeling long-term atmospheric CO2 evolution by comparing Random Forests (RF) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) in replicating cGENIE Earth System Model outputs over a one-million-year timescale. Using one-year pulse emission experiments spanning 1,000-20,000 PgC with outputs tracked for 106 years, we assessed emulator performance across multiple [...]
Unlocking Geological Hydrogen Storage with Ammonia: An Effort for Net-Zero Future
Published: 2024-12-21
Subjects: Education, Engineering
Hydrogen gas (H2) generation systems, comprising carbon capture and storage technology (CCST) play a crucial role to achieve the U.N. Net Zero goal before 2050. However, a critical challenge in grid-scale H2 storage is the low volumetric energy density. One prospective approach is to use ammonia (NH3) as a chemical carrier for H2 and store it. This paper presents a state-of-the-art report on NH3 [...]