Preprints
There are 6153 Preprints listed.
Innovation in environmental sustainability: carbon credits with proof of reserve on rural properties according to the standards of regulated markets
Published: 2025-05-07
Subjects: Agriculture
Farms are increasingly recognized as carbon sinks with significant potential to mitigate climate change. This study documents how farms can become positive climate assets by using portable sensors, satellite imagery, blockchain, and AI to quantify and monetize carbon removal. This technological integration enables the issuance of traceable and secure carbon credits, promoting sustainable land use [...]
Duration of Super-Emitting Oil & Gas Methane Sources
Published: 2025-05-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The duration of super-emitting events in oil & gas basins remains poorly understood but is key for informing reporting programs and mitigation strategies. Carbon Mapper conducted intensive aerial surveys from April 30 to May 17, 2024, over the New Mexico portion of the Permian Basin to estimate super-emitter durations directly from observations, covering 276,000 wells, 1100 compressor [...]
Earthquake Swarm in Santorini - Greece: Recurrence Quantification Analysis and Investigation of Causal Relationship with Tidal Forces
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In early 2025, an unusual earthquake swarm initiated in the sea area of the small uninhabited islet Anydros between Santorini and Amorgos islands in Greece. The unusual nature of this seismic activity and its subsequent seismic follow-up, motivated us to study its dynamical and statistical features. Namely, we investigated for a potential causal relationship between a simple model of [...]
Global Energy Sector Methane Emissions Estimated by using Facility-Level Satellite Observations
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Methane emissions from energy sector facilities (oil, gas, and coal) represent a significant contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions with substantial mitigation potential. We estimate global 2023 methane emissions from energy sector point-sources using the high spatial resolution GHGSat satellite constellation. GHGSat detected 8.30±0.24 Mt yr-1 of methane emissions from 3,114 attributed [...]
The Apalachicola Barrier Island complex: a benchmark for MIS 5e (125 ka) sea-level oscillations?
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology
Coastal sandy barrier systems develop under moderate wave energy, sufficient sediment supply, and adequate accommodation space, and can preserve critical paleoenvironmental records of past sea-level variations, climatic shifts, and storm histories within their geomorphological and stratigraphic frameworks. Beach ridges, identifiable on both horizontal (ridge-swale morphology) and vertical [...]
The Role of Climate Services for Health: Theoretical Case Studies on Heat-Health Warning Systems in India
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Public Health
Extreme heat is a growing public health concern across South Asia, with urban populations particularly vulnerable due to high population density, infrastructure gaps, and compounding socioeconomic risks. In this study, we assess the potential health benefits of Heat–Health Warning Systems (HHWS) as a Climate Service for Health (CSH) in urban India and explore their role in enhancing public health [...]
Marine Geohazards and Geo-Engineering Constraints on the Glaciated European Margins
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The glaciated European continental margins (spanning 49-82°N and 16°W-36°E) are home to a thriving offshore energy sector and densely inhabited coastal areas. These regions face numerous marine geohazards and geo-engineering challenges due to complex subsurface conditions shaped by large-scale geological and climate processes. The geological complexity of this area is among the highest globally, [...]
Characterizing compound physical and biogeochemical extremes in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Discrete environmental stressors, such as prolonged periods of extreme temperature or low oxygen, threaten the functioning of marine ecosystems. While considerable attention has been given to studying extremes occurring in isolation, our understanding of such events co-occurring in the water column–referred to as multi-stressor events or compound extremes–is still limited, despite their [...]
Comparative Analysis of Microbial Community Composition in Tropical Aquatic Ecosystems
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Microbiology
Aquatic ecosystems provide vital ecological services to global health through facilitating biogeochemical cycles, providing water for drinking & industrial usage, supporting fisheries, and preserving biodiversity. Critical elements such as climate change and growing anthropogenic pressures are causing changes in microbial communities, leading to far-reaching consequences for human health. [...]
Nitrogen Mineralization of Cover Crop Residue Depends on Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio and Soil Temperature
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Agriculture
Groundwater nitrate contamination is largely attributed to fertilizer and intensive livestock manure inputs in agricultural systems. California’s Salinas Valley is an area where state policy is aiming to reduce nitrate leaching. Non-legume winter cover crops can help decrease nitrate leaching by scavenging residual soil nitrogen (N) during winter fallow periods following the cropping season. [...]
Challenges in using modern pollen analogs for Cenozoic paleoecology: examples from the European Neogene
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Plant Sciences
The use of modern pollen analogs in paleoecology is well established in Quaternary studies; however, the reliability of this approach decreases with increasing geological age due to evolutionary changes. Establishing a definitive chronological boundary beyond which modern pollen analogs remain reliable is currently unfeasible. This limitation affects not only paleoenvironmental reconstructions [...]
GeoAI-based Urban Environmental Forecasting: A Remote Sensing Driven Hybrid Deep Learning and Machine Learning Framework
Published: 2025-05-03
Subjects: Education, Engineering
This study presents a hybrid GeoAI forecasting framework for long-term environmental monitoring in Dhaka, Bangladesh, one of the most densely populated and environmentally degraded megacities in the Global South. Using a 25-year record (2000–2024) of multi-source satellite and climate data, we modeled monthly trends in five key variables: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Bare Soil [...]
Counter intuitive effects of an extreme Indian Ocean Dipole event on a coupled human and natural system in Southern Myanmar.
Published: 2025-05-03
Subjects: Biodiversity
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a major climate cycle that occurs across the tropical Indian Ocean which has become more variable over time substantially influencing weather extremes and broader climate patterns worldwide. Importantly, these large scale global and regional scale climatic events have strong unexpected impacts on coupled human and natural systems at local scales. One of the [...]
Climate change and Vulnerability: A Comparison of Perspectives from Indian Sundarbans Delta
Published: 2025-05-02
Subjects: Environmental Studies
An understanding of how climate events influence potential harm to livelihoods may depend on perspective. When perspectives on climate-change vulnerability diverge, policies aimed at reducing vulnerability may be perceived as unjust or unproductive by intended beneficiaries. Using household-level data from an island in the Indian Sundarbans, vulnerability is assessed from three perspectives, [...]
Multidisciplinary Evaluation of the Pyramid-Shaped Formation near Visoko, Bosnia-Herzegovina: A Case for Anthropogenic Construction
Published: 2025-05-02
Subjects: Life Sciences
This study presents a multidisciplinary investigation of the pyramid-shaped formation known as the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun (Visočica Hill) located in central Bosnia-Herzegovina. Integrating geodetic, geomorphological, geological, archaeological, electromagnetic, and geometrical data, the analysis examines whether the formation’s distinctive features can be fully explained by natural processes [...]