Preprints
There are 5072 Preprints listed.
Sediment Corrections for Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Published: 2024-03-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
On continental margins, sediments cause significant and spatially variable delays in seismic phase arrival times. The strong impedance contrast of the sediment-bedrock interface causes P-wave splitting that is clearly seen on Distributed Acoustic Sensing recordings of earthquakes, resulting in additional phase arrivals that must be picked separately. We introduce sediment corrections to correctly [...]
Gibraltar subduction zone is invading the Atlantic
Published: 2024-03-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Subduction initiation is a cornerstone of the Wilson cycle. It marks the turning point in an ocean’s lifetime, allowing its lithosphere to be recycled into the mantle. However, formation of subduction zones in Atlantic-type oceans is challenging, given it commonly involves the action of an external force, such as the slab pull from a nearby subduction zone, a far-field compression or the impact [...]
The role of salt diapirism in controlling the sedimentology and distribution of deep-water deposits, Pierce Field, East Central Graben, North Sea
Published: 2024-03-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure
Passively rising diapirs control flank deformation (i.e., within 1 km of the salt-sediment interface) and resultant stratigraphic architecture of syn-kinematic units. Growth strata associated with deformation at the flanks of passive diapirs are known as halokinetic sequences. Very few studies have conducted an integrated analysis of composite halokinetic sequences, CHS (stacked halokinetic [...]
Three-dimensional mineral dendrites reveal a non-classical crystallization pathway
Published: 2024-03-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Manganese (Mn) dendrites are a common type of mineral dendrite that typically forms two-dimensional structures on rock surfaces. Three-dimensional (3D) Mn dendrites in rocks have rarely been reported, hence their growth implications have largely escaped attention. Here, we combine high-resolution X-ray and electron-based data with numerical modelling to give the first detailed description of [...]
Storage Efficiency and Reduced Complexity Modelling
Published: 2024-03-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is vital to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. Most CCS projects rely on the permanent geological storage of CO2 within deep sedimentary rock formations, but accurately constraining the capacity of these reservoirs usually involves detailed and computationally demanding reservoir modelling and simulation of the pressure evolution and [...]
MYTH-BUSTING: WAS PULAU TIGA REALLY FIRST CREATED BY A MUD VOLCANO ERUPTION IN 1897?
Published: 2024-03-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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EarthObsNet: A Comprehensive Benchmark Dataset for Data-Driven Earth Observation Image Synthesis
Published: 2024-03-03
Subjects: Engineering
Remote Sensing imagery serves as an important data source for Earth surface monitoring and surface processes studies. It is highly likely that RS imagery will become more and more indispensable in the future due to its high scalability and compatibility with data-driven models and ever-evolving software and hardware that become increasingly good at processing large datasets. Although its [...]
EStreams: An Integrated Dataset and Catalogue of Streamflow, Hydro-Climatic Variables and Landscape Descriptors for Europe
Published: 2024-03-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology
Large-sample hydrology datasets have become increasingly available, contributing to significant scientific advances. However, in Europe, only a few such datasets have been published, capturing only a fraction of the wealth of information from national data providers in terms of available spatial density and temporal extent. We present “EStreams”, an extensive dataset of hydro-climatic [...]
Groundwater in the age of plastic
Published: 2024-03-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Among the emerging contaminants, microplastics (1-5,000 µm) are becoming an important issue due to their ubiquity in the environment. However, research on this emerging contaminant has been conducted mainly in marine surface waters while microplastics (MPs) are now being found in even the most remote parts of the environment. For example, in groundwater which is the primary water source which [...]
An optimized methane retrieval approach based on Kalman filter for mapping methane point emissions from spaceborne imaging spectrometer
Published: 2024-02-29
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
Methane (CH4) emissions from point sources in the energy sector plays a crucial role in global CH4 budget. Spaceborne imaging spectrometer has shown superior ability for monitoring these emission events over large spatial coverages and extended timeframes. Presently, the Matched Filter (MF), which is a data-driven method, is widely employed for satellite-based retrieval of CH4 emission flux [...]
The problems of the Anthropocene in the Geologic Time Scale, and beyond
Published: 2024-02-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The formalization of the Anthropocene in the Geologic Time Scale (GTS) is a matter of debate. An assessment of the two current options, one formalizing the Anthropocene as an Epoch and the other considering the Anthropocene as an informal event in the Earth’s history that does not require formalization, are critically analyzed. The focus of the analysis is on the philosophical issues underlying [...]
Estimating irrigation water use from remotely sensed evapotranspiration data: Accuracy and uncertainties at field, water right, and regional scales
Published: 2024-02-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Irrigated agriculture is the dominant user of water globally, but most water withdrawals are not monitored or reported. As a result, it is largely unknown when, where, and how much water is used for irrigation. Here, we evaluated the ability of remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) data, integrated with other datasets, to calculate irrigation water withdrawals and applications in an intensively [...]
Satellite-based surveys reveal substantial methane point-source emissions in major oil & gas basins of North America during 2022-2023
Published: 2024-02-28
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Remote Sensing
Utilizing imaging spectroscopy technology to identify methane super-emitters plays a vital role in mitigating methane emissions in the Oil & Gas (O&G) sector. While earlier research has uncovered significant point-source methane emissions from O&G production in the US and Canada, which are key regions with large methane emissions, a comprehensive post-COVID-19 survey has been notably [...]
Unconfined gravity current interactions with orthogonal topography: Implications for combined-flow processes and the depositional record.
Published: 2024-02-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Turbidity current behaviour is affected by interactions with seafloor topography. Changes in flow dynamics will depend on the physiographic configuration of the topography (orientation and gradient), and the character of the incoming flow (magnitude and rheology). A better understanding of how unconfined turbidity currents interact with topography will improve interpretations of the stratigraphic [...]
Assessing and improving the robustness of Bayesian evidential learning in one dimension for inverting TDEM data: introducing a new threshold procedure
Published: 2024-02-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the subsurface is of prime importance for many geological and hydro-geological applications. Geophysical methods offer an economical alternative for in-vestigating the subsurface compared to costly borehole investigation methods, but geophysical results are commonly obtained through an inversion whose solution is non-unique. Deterministic inversions providing a unique solution are [...]