Preprints
There are 6224 Preprints listed.
Correlation Between Commuting Behavior and Air Pollution
Published: 2025-05-10
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
One of the biggest causes of air pollution in a city is the use of gasoline engined vehicles, such as cars, buses, and motorcycles, which is used every day as a commuting mode for citizens. Commuting behaviors of people can be categorized into two big factors, public transportation and private transportation. The research invested on whether or not higher usage rate of public transportation [...]
Solution of the Bloch Equation Based on Spectral Diagonalization and Matrix Exponential Integration: Modeling of SSFP for SNMR
Published: 2025-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Soil Science
We present a spectral-diagonalization-based matrix exponential integration (SD-MEI) algorithm for efficient and stable solutions of fully coupled Bloch equations in surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR). Conventional explicit numerical methods exhibit cumulative discretization errors and escalating computational costs due to step-size dependence and finite precision limitations. SD-MEI [...]
The Global Peace and Food Security; A case study of the Global South and the South Pacific Island Nations; the need for affordable wheat and grain supply
Published: 2025-05-10
Subjects: Life Sciences
Most countries in the Global South, Africa, and Pacific Island have irregular rainfall patterns, with strains of El Niño patterns causing severe food shortages. Plant breeding on grains is non-existent in Pacific Island nations, and the main staple foods are imported rice and wheat, although their prices are exorbitant. Food labelling and marketing of affordable energy grains from conventional [...]
A Review of Atmospheric Micro/Nanoplastics: Insights into Source and Fate for Modelling Studies
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Environmental Sciences
Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs), as emerging pollutants, have attracted increasing attention due to their potential adverse effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate. The rapid, turbulent, and large-scale nature of atmospheric transport facilitates both horizontal and vertical movement of MNPs over long distances within a short time, largely independent of topographical constraints, thereby [...]
Initial assessment of all-season Arctic sea ice thickness from ICESat-2
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
We present an initial assessment of all-season Arctic sea ice thickness estimates from ICESat-2 by combining freeboard retrievals with all-season SnowModel-LG snow loading. ICESat-2 captures the key regional and seasonal patterns of Arctic sea ice variability and shows good agreement with CryoSat-2 all-season estimates, including regional patterns of inter-annual variability in summer ice [...]
Bridging Territorial and Consumption-Based Emissions for Urban Climate Action Assessment
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Urban areas are responsible for the vast majority of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, yet their full contribution, particularly from consumption-based sources, remains inconsistently measured. To address this problem, we provide an updated and globally consistent estimate of urban contributions to both territorial and consumption-based emissions, finding that urban areas account for 81% of [...]
The complex rupture dynamics of an oceanic transform fault: supershear rupture and deep slip during the 2024 Mw7.0 Cape Mendocino Earthquake
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The December 5, 2024, Mw7.0 Cape Mendocino earthquake ruptured an oceanic transform fault within the tectonically complex Mendocino Triple Junction (MTJ), the most seismically active region of California and caused a soon-lifted tsunami evacuation alert. Its offshore location renders accurate analysis of source characteristics challenging. We integrate back-projection, geodetic and kinematic slip [...]
Pliocene to Holocene deformation and earthquake potential of the Mesamávida fault, West Andean Thrust System of central-southern Chile (36ºS)
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Crustal reverse faults are recognized for their potential to generate devastating earthquakes, making them a focus of seismic hazard assessment. Along the Chilean Andes, the Western Andean Thrust System (WATS)—a structure marking the Central Valley-Principal Cordillera border—includes several probable late Quaternary faults. However, evidence for large Holocene earthquakes (M~7) has only been [...]
WASHed in stereotypes: A rigorous review of water-gender narratives in LMICs
Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Over the past few decades, water programs have positioned women as primary beneficiaries, aiming to empower them through improved access and participation. In doing so, several gendered narratives have emerged, widely circulated but seldom interrogated, that continue to shape water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) policy and practice. Despite a growing body of literature on WASH and gender, there [...]
Decision-making under uncertainty for shallow geothermal systems in complex subsurface settings: application to a low-transmissivity aquifer
Published: 2025-05-08
Subjects: Geology, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Sustainability
Excess thermal energy can be stored in the subsurface and recovered when needed to heat and cool buildings sustainably. Aquifer thermal energy storage systems (ATES) are gaining popularity worldwide. Most operational systems are located in thick productive aquifers. Their efficiency and wide applicability have been proven and there is now a tendency to explore more complex settings. Aquifers with [...]
Statistical Physics of Fissure Swarms and Dike Swarms
Published: 2025-05-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fissure swarms and dike swarms in Iceland are 40-150 km long, 5-20 km wide, extend to depths of 10-20 km and contain 2 × 10exp14 outcrop-scale ( 0.1 m) and 10 exp 22-23 down to grain-scale (1 mm) fractures, suggesting that statistical physics is an appropriate method of analysis. Length-size distributions of 565 outcrop-scale Holocene fissures (tension fractures and normal faults) and 1041 [...]
Innovation in environmental sustainability: carbon credits with proof of reserve on rural properties according to the standards of regulated markets
Published: 2025-05-07
Subjects: Agriculture
Farms are increasingly recognized as carbon sinks with significant potential to mitigate climate change. This study documents how farms can become positive climate assets by using portable sensors, satellite imagery, blockchain, and AI to quantify and monetize carbon removal. This technological integration enables the issuance of traceable and secure carbon credits, promoting sustainable land use [...]
Duration of Super-Emitting Oil & Gas Methane Sources
Published: 2025-05-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The duration of super-emitting events in oil & gas basins remains poorly understood but is key for informing reporting programs and mitigation strategies. Carbon Mapper conducted intensive aerial surveys from April 30 to May 17, 2024, over the New Mexico portion of the Permian Basin to estimate super-emitter durations directly from observations, covering 276,000 wells, 1100 compressor [...]
Earthquake Swarm in Santorini - Greece: Recurrence Quantification Analysis and Investigation of Causal Relationship with Tidal Forces
Published: 2025-05-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In early 2025, an unusual earthquake swarm initiated in the sea area of the small uninhabited islet Anydros between Santorini and Amorgos islands in Greece. The unusual nature of this seismic activity and its subsequent seismic follow-up, motivated us to study its dynamical and statistical features. Namely, we investigated for a potential causal relationship between a simple model of [...]
Global Energy Sector Methane Emissions Estimated by using Facility-Level Satellite Observations
Published: 2025-05-06
Subjects: Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Methane emissions from energy sector facilities (oil, gas, and coal) represent a significant contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions with substantial mitigation potential. We estimate global 2023 methane emissions from energy sector point-sources using the high spatial resolution GHGSat satellite constellation. GHGSat detected 8.30±0.24 Mt yr-1 of methane emissions from 3,114 attributed [...]