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Preprints

There are 5987 Preprints listed.

Thirty Years of the Open Geospatial Consortium - History, Present, and Future

Ying-Jung Chen, Wenwen Li, Louis-Martin Losier, et al.

Published: 2025-02-23
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences

For 30 years, the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has advanced geospatial interoperability through continuous innovation. The OGC provides strategies and Standards that promote adoption, increase efficiencies, create new opportunities, and transform our relationship with the dynamic planet we inhabit. It has fostered global collaborations among companies, governments, academic institutions, and [...]

Towards a global deep learning model for daily soil CO2 efflux

Valerie Diana Smykalov, Li Li, Rodrigo Vargas, et al.

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Life Sciences

Soil CO2 efflux, the largest flux of CO2 to the atmosphere, is expected to rise globally under climate change. Its magnitude and temporal variability are highly uncertain, and daily-scale models capturing rapid changes to environmental drivers remain rare. We used a global database of soil CO2 efflux (total observations = 7,797,535 from 2002-2020) to train a deep learning model (Long Short-Term [...]

The Role of Geospatial Intelligence in Modern Military Operations

Emmanuel Kalamji Lutema

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) has become an indispensable tool in modern military operations since it considerably increases situational awareness, strategic decision-making, and operational success. Advanced geospatial technologies have changed military force collecting, analysis, and spatial data interpretation, including satellite imagery, remote sensing, geographic information systems [...]

Using fracture-scarp lineations as kinematic indicators on active normal fault scarps

Billy James Andrews, Zoe K Mildon, Manuel-lukas Diercks, et al.

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Reliable kinematic (slip vector) data collected from offset piercing points, corrugations or striations, is a key input for fault based seismic hazard assessments. However, it can be difficult to interpret kinematic indicators on degraded fault scarps. In this work, we investigate the orientations and growth history of on-fault fracture networks, which extend into the footwall and have greater [...]

First empirical assessment of ice content from Himalayan rock glaciers.

Stephan Harrison, Matthew Peacey, Tristram Irvine-Fynn, et al.

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Climate warming in the Himalaya threatens glaciers and permafrost, with severe implications for the future sustainability of the region’s natural ‘water towers’ and connected ecological systems and human infrastructure. Recent work in high mountain environments has highlighted how rock glaciers are prevalent and contain globally valuable water supplies. Yet, over the Himalaya, information [...]

Beyond Single Hazard Framework: Multi-Hazard Worst Case Scenarios from Ensemble Tropical Cyclone Forecasts

Md. Rezuanul Islam, Tsutao Oizumi, Le Duc, et al.

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Hydrology, Meteorology, Oceanography, Risk Analysis

Ensemble forecasting is a powerful tool for supporting informed decision-making in managing multi-hazard risks associated with tropical cyclones (TCs). Although TC ensemble forecasts are widely used in operational numerical weather prediction systems, their potential for disaster prediction and management has not been fully exploited. Here we propose a novel, efficient, and practical method to [...]

Senescence driven solubilization of biomass is the main source of kelp-derived dissolved organic carbon to the coastal ocean

Chance James English, Tom Bell, Keri Opalk, et al.

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Life Sciences

Kelp forests form some of the most productive areas on earth and are proposed to sequester carbon in the ocean, largely in the form of released dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Here we investigate the role of environmental, seasonal and age-related physiological gradients on the partitioning of net primary production (NPP) into DOC by the canopy forming giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Rates of [...]

Enhancing Global-scale Urban Land Cover Representation Using Local Climate Zones in the Community Earth System Model

Yuan Sun, Keith W. Oleson, Lei Zhao, et al.

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, necessitating accurate simulations of urban climates in Earth system models (ESMs) in support of large-scale urban climate adaptation efforts. ESMs underrepresent urban areas due to their small spatial extent and the lack of detailed urban landscape data. To enhance the accuracy of urban representation, this study [...]

The Importance of Geospatial Technology in Monitoring Plant Health

Emmanuel Kalamji Lutema

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Solving the problems presented by climate change depends on geospatial technology in great measure. Through shifting pest and disease dynamics, increasing frequency of extreme weather events, and modifying growth circumstances, climate change aggravates problems with plant health. For example, remote sensing data and satellite-based climate models help one to forecast how variations in [...]

Rethinking Environmental Sustainability in the Operating Room: Beyond the Reusability Assumption for Surgical Instruments

Francesca Marsili

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Environmental Public Health, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public Health

Addressing the climate crisis is an urgent global priority, yet the healthcare sector continues to face significant challenges in implementing long-term green solutions. The sector accounts for 4.4% of global carbon emissions, with an even greater impact of 7% in the Netherlands. The latest Dutch report- Barometer Groene OK- proposes ten key measures to reduce the healthcare carbon footprint, [...]

Positive isotropic components of the 2025 Santorini-Amorgos earthquakes

Jiri Zahradnik, Efthimios Sokos, Zafeiria Roumelioti, et al.

Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We used full waveforms of the Hellenic Unified Seismic Network (HUSN) regional stations and a frequency range of 0.03-0.06 Hz. We calculated full moment tensors (MTs) and focused on their ISO and CLVD components. In the tested depth range of 1-20 km, the medians of ISO (=VOL) and CLVD are positive, but their 68% confidence intervals are broad due to the tradeoff of the non-DC with depth. When [...]

Freshwater salinization of seasonal ponds: High salinity and stratification threaten critical, overlooked habitats

Steven Brady, Gaboury Benoit

Published: 2025-02-20
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Water Resource Management

Nearly a century of road salt use in the snowbelt region of North America has led to substantial increases in salinity levels in freshwater habitats (1, 2). Salt pollution in lakes and rivers is well characterized (3, 4). Lacking are broad insights for seasonal ponds. As critical habitats for many endemic species, these small and often poorly flushed surface waters are especially vulnerable to [...]

PoMELO Passive Blind Test Results: Emissions detection and quantification

Thomas Barchyn, Michelle Clements, Tyler Gough, et al.

Published: 2025-02-19
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

PoMELO Passive is a technology that combines vehicle-based pollution measurements from public roads with cloud-based software to: (i) detect emissions from oil and gas sites, and (ii) quantify emissions rates. Automated attribution and plume modeling algorithms provide results with little human intervention, facilitating large scale monitoring programs. PoMELO Passive is operationally deployed at [...]

Thermal channelization of suprapermafrost flows

Katarzyna L P Warburton, Joanmarie Del Vecchio, Colin R. Meyer, et al.

Published: 2025-02-19
Subjects: Geomorphology, Hydrology

On many frozen hillslopes, subsurface water above permafrost is routed through regularly spaced, linear features known as water tracks. We test whether water tracks form through thermal channelization, where heat from viscous dissipation in flowpaths deepens the active layer, creating a preferred flow path that attracts more water. We derive equations for suprapermafrost Darcy flow and, using [...]

Effects of mineralogy on ∆47 and ∆48 of carbonate-derived CO2 below analytical resolution

Miguel Bernecker, Magali Bonifacie, Philip Staudigel, et al.

Published: 2025-02-18
Subjects: Geochemistry

Due to the lack of direct methods capable of determining the abundance of isotopologues containing multiple heavy isotopes within the crystal lattice, carbonates are typically reacted with phosphoric acid to produce CO2 analyte for clumped isotope analyses. This reaction is associated with fractionations of both bulk oxygen and clumped isotopes. Accurate knowledge of the effect of cation [...]

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