Preprints
There are 6285 Preprints listed.
Transition from wave- to tide-dominated estuary: An example from the Eocene Urahoro Group, eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan
Published: 2025-05-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Estuarine morphologies are commonly classified into two end-member categories based on dominant sediment transport processes: wave-dominated and tide-dominated estuaries. Although estuaries are generally presumed to retain their fundamental morphotypes throughout their evolutionary history, this study presents the first documented ancient example of a morphological transition from a wave-dominated [...]
Inference of the S- to P-wave velocity anomalies ratio and its uncertainty with an application to South-East Asia
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ratio R of shear-wave to compressional-wave velocity variations (dlnVs/dlnVp) is a useful physical parameter to study the thermochemical properties of the Earth's interior. Several approaches have been employed to estimate R (or its inverse 1/R), but they either assume the same local resolution in models of dlnVs and dlnVp or assume the same ray paths for S- and P-phases, while excluding [...]
Mainshock Rupture Properties, Aftershock Activities and Remotely Triggered Seismicity Associated with the 2025 Mw7.7 Sagaing Fault earthquake in Myanmar
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A devastating Mw 7.7 earthquake struck near Mandalay, Myanmar, on March 28, 2025, causing extensive damage and casualties across Myanmar and neighboring regions. The 2025 event occurred in a well-recognized seismic gap along the Sagaing Fault. Here we focus on the mainshock rupture properties based on back-projection of teleseismic P waves and early aftershock locations, analysis of near-field [...]
Identifying and overcoming social-ecological barriers to ending plastics pollution
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Plastics are deeply embedded in contemporary life, and their production and pollution contribute to irreversible harm across ecological and social systems. Recognized as a “novel entity” in the Planetary Boundaries framework, plastics challenge traditional governance models due to their chemical complexity and diversity, cross-sectoral impacts, and pushback from powerful political and economic [...]
A revised boundary between the Scoor Pelitic Gneiss and the Lagan Mòr Formation in SW Mull?
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
The Moine rocks of SW Mull have played a key role in our understanding of the Moine sequence in the NW Highlands. The Mull sequence was thought uniquely, to contain a continuous sedimentary sequence relating the Morar and Glenfinnan units seen elsewhere in Scotland. However, recent work by Krabbendam et al. (2021) and others, suggests that the Mull sequence does contain a major tectonic break, [...]
Phytoplankton variable stoichiometry modifies key biogeochemical fluxes and the functioning of the ocean biological pump
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Oceanography
Ocean biota absorb carbon at the surface and export some to the ocean interior via the biological pump, affecting surface carbon, air-sea CO₂ exchange, and climate. Marine phytoplankton growth is often limited by nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, silicon). The efficiency of carbon export is therefore constrained by nutrient availability and the nutrient/carbon ratios in the biota [...]
Users of a Container-Based Sanitation Service Experience High Sanitation-Related Quality of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study in Cap Haitien, Haiti
Published: 2025-05-24
Subjects: Public Health
Sanitation users often value improved sanitation interventions for social benefits, such as improved safety and dignity. Some sanitation providers have started using well-being measurements to evaluate service impacts beyond infectious disease outcomes. In particular, the Sanitation Quality of Life (SanQoL) Index explores five attributes associated with sanitation wellbeing: health, disgust, [...]
A simulation-based study using boundary conditions of a thermal response for common building materials in a low-income housing for Kampala, Uganda
Published: 2025-05-24
Subjects: Materials Science and Engineering
Indoor thermal comfort is still a major issue in low-income housing in tropical urban areas like Kampala, Uganda, where passive design techniques are frequently the only practical way to manage heat. A boundary-condition-based thermal simulation of popular building materials, such as concrete walls, plastered brick walls, thatch roofing, and dark and light-colored metal roofs, is shown in this [...]
Integrated Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing approach to Groundwater Potential modelling in Trans Mara West and Narok West, Narok County, Kenya
Published: 2025-05-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Narok County is one of the arid and semi-arid counties in Kenya characterized by variable rainfall patterns and limited surface water resource. Therefore, groundwater is a critical source of water for the sustenance of lives and livelihoods in Narok. This study aimed to model groundwater potential in Narok West and Trans Mara West sub-counties using an integrated approach that combined Geographic [...]
Agri-food corporations’ role in water sustainability and water resilience of global supply chains
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Agriculture is both a major contributor to water scarcity and highly vulnerable to it. The agri-food sector accounts for approximately 70% of global human water abstraction and 90% of water consumption, with irrigation practices leading to detrimental effects such as reduced streamflow, groundwater depletion, and environmental degradation. As water stress impacts crop and livestock productivity, [...]
Mapping the health harm of Bangladeshi brick kilns
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Monitoring
Bangladesh suffers from poor air quality, with brick kilns as major contributors that remain difficult to regulate. We combine remotely-sensed data, machine learning, and air-quality models to locate 9,187 clay brick kilns (2014–2024), estimating their technology, activity status, and health effects. Active kilns peaked in 2019 and have since declined by 4% annually. Kiln emissions cause [...]
The Mesozoic Conundrum: Global Albedo Factors Resolve the Lack of Correlation Between Temperatures and CO2 Concentrations.
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Plant Sciences
The "Mesozoic Conundrum" refers to the lack of correlation between CO₂ atmospheric concentration and global mean surface temperatures in Mesozoic climate reconstructions (Judd et al., 2024). Here, I show that Mesozoic forest cover, proxied by carbon burial flux (Nelsen et al., 2016), correlates strongly (R²=0.88, p<0.01) with GMST across the Mesozoic (252–66 Ma before present). The analysis [...]
Space-time data-driven modeling of wildfire initiation in the mountainous region of Trentino–South Tyrol, Italy
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Multivariate Analysis, Probability, Statistical Models
Wildfires are complex hazards occurring worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses, fatalities, and carbon emissions. The interplay of climate change, land use alterations, and socioeconomic pressures is expected to further increase the frequency and intensity of wildfires. In this context, developing reliable, dynamic prediction tools is essential for risk mitigation. This work presents a [...]
Coral Reefs Span Borders, So Must Solutions: A Blueprint for International Cooperation for Coral Reef Conservation in Complex Political Environments
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Studies, Marine Biology
Coral reefs face escalating threats from climate change, yet reducing greenhouse gas emissions alone will not ensure their survival. Local and regional conservation efforts are urgently needed to address immediate, human-induced stressors and build resilience. Although conservation often begins locally, the interconnected nature of reef systems that span borders demands transboundary management, [...]
Archaean basalts record evidence of lithospheric extension prior to cratonisation
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology
The dynamics of Earth’s early mantle remain enigmatic. A wide range of tectonic settings have been proposed for the Archaean eon prior to cratonisation, a time from which few samples are preserved in the geological record. Here, we reexamine this topic by estimating temperatures and depths of melt generation in the late Archaean mantle using a new geochemical data compilation of mafic igneous [...]