Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Accurate specification of water availability shows its importance for global crop production
Published: 2021-11-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
It is well established that warming temperatures damage the yields of many crops across the globe. Yet the influence of water supply on global agricultural yield and its relation to water demand and direct temperature stress is unclear. A number of global studies found a minor influence for precipitation, whereas some regional analyses suggest a more prominent role for water availability. Here, [...]
Estuarine-deltaic controls on coastal carbon burial in the western Ganges-Brahmaputra delta over the last 5,000 years
Published: 2021-11-26
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences, Other Statistics and Probability, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability, Water Resource Management
The Ganges–Brahmaputra fluvial system drains the Himalayas and is one of the largest sources of terrestrial biosphere carbon to the ocean. It represents a major continental reservoir of CO2 associated with c. 1–2 billion tons of sediment transported each year. Shallow coastal environments receive substantial inputs of terrestrial carbon (900 Tg C yr−1), with allochthonous carbon capture on [...]
Conceptualizing the hydrogeothermal setting of Sloquet Hot Springs in the Canadian Cordillera on unceded St'at'imc Territory: an example of a reconciliation-based approach to field geoscience
Published: 2021-11-26
Subjects: Hydrology, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Field geoscience has made important scientific advances but has not consistently considered the impact of these geoscience results on communities where the fieldwork is conducted. A reconciliation-based approach calls for critical thought about who defines, participates in, owns, and uses geoscience research, particularly in light of unresolved aboriginal rights and title claims and treaty rights [...]
Sensitivity of horizontal surface deformation to mantle dynamics from 3D instantaneous dynamics modeling of the eastern Mediterranean region
Published: 2021-11-29
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Geodetically estimated surface motions contain contributions to crustal deformation from coupled geodynamic processes active at all spatial scales and constitute key data for lithosphere dynamics research. Data interpretation methods should therefore account for the full range of possible processes, otherwise risking misinterpretation of data signal and incorrect estimation of lithosphere [...]
COVID-19 Impacts Highlight the Need for Holistic Evaluation of Research in the Hydrologic Sciences
Published: 2021-12-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As we reckon with the effect of COVID-19 on the research enterprise in hydrologic science, it is important to acknowledge that disruptions will be persistent and that institutional-level adjustments, while helpful, are not sufficient to mitigate all impacts on hydrologic scientists. Here, we describe the breadth of research contributions in the hydrologic sciences, consider how the pandemic has [...]
Thresholds in road network functioning on US Atlantic and Gulf barrier islands
Published: 2021-12-04
Subjects: Analysis, Geomorphology, Nature and Society Relations, Sustainability
Barrier islands predominate the Atlantic and Gulf coastlines of the USA, where development exceeds national trends. Forward-looking models of barrier island dynamics often include feedbacks with management practices – particularly those aimed at mitigating damage to buildings from natural hazards – and how real estate markets may be linked to barrier island dynamics. However, models thus far do [...]
An Online-Learned Neural Network Chemical Solver for Stable Long-Term Global Simulations of Atmospheric Chemistry
Published: 2021-12-02
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A major computational barrier in global modeling of atmospheric chemistry is the numerical integration of the coupled kinetic equations describing the chemical mechanism. Machine-learned (ML) solvers can offer order-of-magnitude speedup relative to conventional implicit solvers, but past implementations have suffered from fast error growth and only run for short simulation times (<1 month). A [...]
Can machine learning improve carbon storage? Synergies of deep learning, uncertainty quantification and intelligent process control
Published: 2021-12-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sustainability
As we transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy, negative emission technologies, such ascarbon capture and storage (CCS), can help us reduce CO2 emissions. Effective CO2 storage requires: (1) detailed site characterization, (2) regular, integrated risk assessment, and (3) flexible design and operation. We believe that recent advances in machine learning coupled with uncertainty [...]
A copula-based assessment of renewable energy droughts across Europe
Published: 2021-12-05
Subjects: Multivariate Analysis, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Other Earth Sciences
Meeting carbon-reduction targets will require thorough consideration of climate variability and climate change due to the increasing share of climate-sensitive renewable energy sources (RES). One of the main concerns arises from situations of low renewable production and high demand, which can hinder the power system. We analysed energy droughts, defined as periods of low energy production (wind [...]
Shallow depth, substantial change: fluid-metasomatism causes major compositional modifications of subducted volcanics (Mariana forearc)
Published: 2021-12-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology
Mass transfer at shallow subduction levels and its ramifications for deeper processes remain incompletely constrained. New insights are provided by ocean island basalt (OIB) clasts from the Mariana forearc that experienced subduction to up to ~25–30 km depth and up to blueschist-facies metamorphism; thereafter, the clasts were recycled to the forearc seafloor via serpentinite mud volcanism. We [...]
Competing feedback in an idealized tide-influenced delta network
Published: 2021-12-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The morphodynamic evolution of river deltas is intimately tied to flow and sediment partitioning at bifurcations. In this work, the long-term equilibrium configuration of a simple delta network is investigated by means of an analytical model, which accounts for the effect of small tidal oscillations. Differently from individual bifurcations where tidal action is always a stabilizing factor, in [...]
Thermal budgets of magma storage constrained by diffusion chronometry: the Cerro Galán ignimbrite
Published: 2021-12-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The long-term thermochemical conditions at which large bodies of silicic magma are stored in the crust is integral to our understanding of the timing, frequency, and intensity of volcanic eruptions, and provides important context for interpreting volcano monitoring data. Despite this, however, individual magmatic systems may exhibit a range of time-temperature paths, or thermal histories, that [...]
Developing an internally consistent methodology for K-feldspar MAAD TL thermochronology
Published: 2021-12-06
Subjects: Geology
Luminescence thermochronology and thermometry can quantify recent changes in rock exhumation rates and rock surface temperatures, but these methods require accurate determination of several kinetic parameters. For K-feldspar thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves, which comprise overlapping signals of different thermal stability, it is challenging to develop measurements that capture these parameter [...]
Variable dynamic styles of primordial heterogeneity preservation in the Earth’s lower mantle
Published: 2021-12-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The evolution of the system Earth is critically influenced by the long-term dynamics, composition and structure of the mantle. While cosmochemical and geochemical constraints indicate that the lower mantle hosts an ancient primordial reservoir that may be enriched in SiO2 with respect to the upper mantle, geophysical observations and models point to efficient mass transfer and convective mixing [...]
Corona structures driven by plume-lithosphere interactions and evidence for ongoing plume activity on Venus
Published: 2021-12-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
In the absence of global plate tectonics, mantle convection and plume-lithosphere interaction are the main drivers of surface deformation on Venus. Among documented tectonic structures, circular volcano-tectonic features known as coronae may be the clearest surface manifestations of mantle plumes and hold clues to the global Venusian tectonic regime. Yet, the exact processes underlying coronae [...]