Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Topographic analysis for mapping dunes and assessing dune field resilience using multitemporal LiDAR at White Sands, New Mexico
Published: 2024-09-26
Subjects: Geomorphology
Sand dune morphology is indicative of complex system interactions at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales that govern dune topographic structure. We created an object-oriented topographic framework based on slope attitude, curvature, and contextual analysis to map and characterize sand dune morphology at White Sands National Park, New Mexico, USA that limits empiricism and reliance on a [...]
Assessing the timing of deep ocean oxygenation from uranium elemental and isotopic compositions of ophiolites
Published: 2024-09-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology
The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the deep oceans has varied over Earth History, but the timing of the transition from anoxic to oxic deep oceans is debated. Under modern-day, oxic, deep ocean conditions, alteration of the upper sections of mafic oceanic crust with U-rich seawater leads to U enrichment, low Th/U ratios, and heterogeneous 238U/235U ratios relative to fresh mid-ocean ridge [...]
3D wave propagation and earthquake dynamic rupture simulations in complex poroelastic media
Published: 2024-09-27
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Numerical simulations of earthquakes and seismic wave propagation require accurate material models of the solid Earth. In contrast to purely elastic rheology, poroelasticity accounts for pore fluid pressure and fluid flow in porous media. Poroelastic effects can alter both the seismic wave field and the dynamic rupture characteristics of earthquakes. For example, the presence of fluids may affect [...]
Groundwater use to reduce natural hazard susceptibilities and inequities in the metacrisis
Published: 2024-09-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Long-term thinking is broadly advocated for groundwater - the largest available freshwater resource that is essential for drinking water, irrigation and ecosystems around the world. Long-term thinking is crucial to support sustainability of this slowly renewed resource, but here we propose another crucial, novel and emerging approach for groundwater: short-term use over days and months during or [...]
Improved Precision and Reference Materials for Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis in Basaltic Glasses using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Published: 2024-09-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology
We introduce three new reference materials and a new high-precision set-up for stable carbon isotope analysis in basaltic glasses using large-geometry secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) instrument. The new hydrous basaltic reference materials, characterised for carbon concentration and isotope composition by step-heating gas extraction and manometry followed by isotope ratio mass [...]
Unveiling Year-Round Cropland Cover by Soil-Specific Spectral Unmixing of Landsat and Sentinel-2 Time Series
Published: 2024-09-28
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring
Croplands are essential for food security but also impact the environment, biodiversity, and climate. Understanding, monitoring, modeling, and managing these impacts require accurate, comprehensive information on cropland vegetation cover.This study aimed to continuously monitor the state and vegetative processes of cropland, focusing on the assessment of bare soil and its cover with [...]
Seismicity-constrained fault detection and characterization with a multitask machine learning model
Published: 2024-09-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geological fault detection and characterization from geophysical data have been one of the center challenges in geophysics and seismology as it holds the key to understanding subsurface dynamics ranging from borehole, reservoir, to regional scales. While paradigms of auto or semi-auto fault delineation either based on seismicity location analysis or on seismic migration image reflector [...]
Who talks about climate, peace and security? A social media analysis to identify key actors
Published: 2024-09-28
Subjects: International and Area Studies
Uncovering key actors within a policy network provides pathways for engagement, consensus-building, partnership development, and understanding the diffusion of knowledge in a given debate. Given the unprecedented scale of the climate emergency, the emerging field of climate security has rapidly gained centrality in academic and policy fora, as well as in the public debate. Yet, a systematic [...]
Landscape evolution of the Black Forest: From the Variscan orogeny to the modern era
Published: 2024-09-28
Subjects: Geomorphology, Glaciology, Soil Science
With a maximum elevation of 1493 m above sea-level, the Black Forest (Schwarzwald in German) is the second highest mountain range in Germany. It is subdivided in three main natural regions, the northern, central, and southern Black Forest. The Variscan basement of the Black Forest consists of plutonic and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks formed during the Mesozoic under marine and terrestrial [...]
Predicting Harmful Algal Blooms Using Explainable Deep Learning Models: A Comparative Study
Published: 2024-09-29
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have emerged as a significant environmental challenge, impacting aquatic ecosystems, drinking water supply systems, and human health due to the combined effects of human activities and climate change. This study investigates the performance of deep learning models, particularly the Transformer model, as there are limited studies exploring its effectiveness in HAB [...]
Comprehensive Assessment of Drought Impact on Crop Yields Across Iowa Over Two Decades (2000-2022)
Published: 2024-09-30
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Corn and soybeans are pivotal crops in the U.S. agricultural landscape, providing essential vitamins and oils. These two crops dominate approximately 90% of crop production in Iowa. However, their yields are significantly impacted by recurrent drought conditions. A prolonged deficiency in soil moisture characterizes agricultural drought due to sustained precipitation shortfalls. This study aims [...]
The ANTICS Large-N Seismic Deployment in Albania
Published: 2024-10-15
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Located within the active continental collision between Eurasia and the Adriatic microplate, Albania is an earthquake prone country with one of the highest seismic hazard in Europe. This came into evidence when the Mw=6.4 Durrës earthquake hit the country in 2019, causing 51 fatalities and widespread damage to infrastructure. Despite this stark reminder, the seismotectonics of Albania remains [...]
Rapid transformation of biogenic silica to authigenic clay during reverse weathering
Published: 2024-10-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry
Formation of authigenic clay minerals during early diagenesis of marine sediments, termed “reverse weathering” (RW), is an important process for regulating ocean pH and atmospheric CO2 over geologic time scales. It is also considered a“missing sink” of the modern marine Si cycle. Although the importance of RW has been increasingly recognized, the rate and mechanisms of this process remain [...]
Imaging a buried terrane with district-scale ambient noise tomography and gravity modelling: insights for scale-reduction in mineral exploration
Published: 2024-10-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mineral exploration proceeds by a process of scale-reduction. Decisions need to be made at all stages as the physical search space becomes progressively reduced from regional through to district, camp and tenement/deposit scale. While there are many regional scale datasets available to explorers through public geoscience agencies, one of the most difficult steps to make is from the regional-scale [...]
Hadean-aged felsic sediments recycled through the deep mantle by early plate tectonics
Published: 2024-10-02
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology
The question of when modern tectonic processes arose on Earth has restricted our understanding of how and how quickly Earth reached its present, habitable form. Plate tectonics, and in particular deep subduction, is central to many facets of habitability: it controls heat flow, biogeochemical cycling, and creates a variety of marine and terrestrial biomes necessary for biological evolution. Many [...]