Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Submarine fans in the Kribi-Campo sub-basin, offshore Cameroon: Geomorphology and stratigraphic evolution during the Late Cretaceous
Published: 2025-01-08
Subjects: Education
Evaluation of the InSightSeers and DART Boarders mission observer programmes
Published: 2025-01-04
Subjects: Education, Higher Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Encouraging diversity in planetary science requires making a particular effort to bring a broader range of people onto the mission teams that are the backbone of the field. Observer programmes, which offer early-career researchers the chance to embed within a mission team during a science meeting, are one way of doing this. Here we present a quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of two [...]
The spatio-temporal variability, trends, and drivers of winter Arctic polynyas
Published: 2025-06-05
Subjects: Climate
Polynyas, thin-ice or open water regions within the sea ice, have regularly been observed in the Arctic since satellite observations began in the 1970s. Their opening, in response to complex interactions between several drivers, significantly influences the regional weather and climate, ecosystem, and the global ocean. Yet their monitoring at the pan-Arctic scale is rare since their detection is [...]
Rotational Flow Dominates Abrupt Seasonal Change in Zonally Asymmetric Tropical Meridional Circulation
Published: 2025-01-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
By defining a pseudo meridional overturning streamfunction (Ψpseudo) at any zonal sector and defining a new vector-type, dual-component index (Abrupt Seasonal Change Index, ASCI), we diagnose zonally asymmetric abrupt seasonal change (ASC) of tropical meridional circulation. Ψpseudo converges to traditional, meridional overturning streamfunction (Ψm) after being averaged over a zonal circle [...]
Water Storage in Hydrous Minerals in the Shallow Martian Mantle
Published: 2025-01-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Planetary Geochemistry
In this paper we investigate the possibility of storing water in the shallow martian mantle under water-saturated fluid absent conditions for different bulk silicate mars (BSM) compositions. We performed phase equilibria experiments on two BSM compositions with comparable Mg number for pressure between 2 and 4 GPa, temperatures between 950 to 1150°C, and for a water content of 0.3 % wt. The [...]
Rethinking the Anatomy and Architecture of the Neoproterozoic Gneiss Domes in the Nubian Shield: Are they Extensional Metamorphic Core Complexes?
Published: 2025-01-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Nubian Shield features amphibolite-grade, gneiss-cored domes surrounded by greenschist-grade island arc and ophiolitic assemblages. These structures exhibit anomalous intense ductile deformation and higher metamorphism than the surrounding rock units; yet, their nature, geometry, and origin remain controversial. The present study integrates field data, remote sensing, and detailed structural [...]
The influence of historical sea-surface temperature patterns on regional precipitation trends
Published: 2025-08-06
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
State-of-the-art coupled global climate models (GCMs) fail to simulate key features of observed seasonal precipitation trends since 1980, including drying of the southwestern US, the southeastern US, East Africa, and subtropical South America, as well as wetting of the Maritime Continent and the Amazon. They also fail to simulate the sea-level pressure (SLP) trends since 1980 associated with a [...]
2027: Waking the AKU-- A Cosmic Hyperobject View of the Ancient Giant Palm Forest on Rapa Nui
Published: 2025-01-06
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Forest Sciences, Other Astrophysics and Astronomy, Other Environmental Sciences, Other Plant Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences, Plant Sciences, The Sun and the Solar System
Can a repeating climate event be termed as a cosmic hyperobject? Even if it is dynamically changing within hundreds of thousands of years? At the center of this paper is the science: observable data, 15,000 years of climate change on Rapa Nui. Reaching into the past however we begin with a much broader mathematical view from the eyes of Milankovitch theories of the cosmos that stretches a million [...]
Seasonal compound renewable energy droughts in the Unites States
Published: 2025-01-07
Subjects: Hydrology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Power and Energy
Variable renewable energy (VRE) droughts are periods of low renewable electricity production due to natural variability in the weather and climate. These compound renewable energy droughts occur when two or more (typically wind and solar) generation sources are in low availability conditions at the same time. Compound wind and solar droughts are most commonly studied at the hourly and daily [...]
Diverging trends in nitrate and phosphorus loads and yields across Illinois watersheds, 1997–2022
Published: 2025-01-08
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Natural Resources and Conservation, Water Resource Management
Illinois is a major contributor of nutrients to the northern Gulf of Mexico. As such, the State of Illinois initiated efforts to curb nutrient runoff over the last several decades. To evaluate progress towards these reductions, water-quality data were used to estimate incremental loads and yields of nitrate plus nitrite (NO3) and total phosphorus (TP) from 1997–2022 for 49 Illinois watersheds, [...]
Temporal dynamics of biotic homogenization and differentiation across marine fish communities
Published: 2025-01-08
Subjects: Marine Biology
Humans have transformed ecosystems through habitat modification, harvesting, species introduction, and climate change. Changes in species distribution and composition are often thought to induce biotic homogenization, defined as a decline in spatial beta diversity through time. However, it is unclear whether homogenization is common in ocean ecosystems and if changes in beta diversity exhibit [...]
Hydrogenotrophic metabolisms in the subsurface and their implications for underground hydrogen storage and natural hydrogen prospecting
Published: 2025-01-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Hydrogen is a fundamental electron donor in diverse microbial metabolisms and it is considered the energetic currency exchanged within microbial communities in anaerobic environments. Hydrogen is also the major actor in the transition to alternative low-carbon energy sources, primarily due to its dual role as energy source and energy carrier and to the production of water as a byproduct of its [...]
GODEEEP-hydro: Historical and projected power system ready hydropower data for the United States
Published: 2025-01-08
Subjects: Hydrology, Power and Energy
Hydropower is a critical electricity resource in the United States which, in addition to low-cost electricity generation, provides valuable ancillary grid services, and supports the integration of nondispatchable weather-dependent resources (e.g., wind and solar). Despite its value to the grid, there are very few comprehensive datasets available from which to study both historical and future [...]
Transtension in the Levant Basin: Challenging the Syrian Arc model
Published: 2025-01-09
Subjects: Geology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Late Cretaceous intra-plate shortening, and inversion of the Permian to Jurassic rift system, resulted in the ~1000 km-long, S-shaped Syrian Arc Fold Belt which dominates the Levant regional topography through Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, and Syria. Subsequent Miocene folding along the same trends of the Late Cretaceous fold belt, was likely associated with the collision of Arabia and Eurasia. The [...]
Investigating the suitability of dichotomous responses for the Water Insecurity Experience (WISE) Scales using nationally representative data from 39 countries
Published: 2025-01-10
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Background The Water Insecurity Experiences (WISE) Scales have been validated to comparably measure water insecurity globally. The scales consist of 12 items that can be administered in approximately 3 minutes. There is interest in developing more rapid WISE Scale versions, for use when time is limited. One alternative is to use a subset of 4 items, which has been validated, but has some [...]