Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Measurements from Saildrones, with Applications to Submesoscale Studies
Published: 2024-10-25
Subjects: Oceanography
Characterizing submesoscale ocean processes requires high-resolution observations in both space O(1 km) and time O(1 hr). One way to resolve submesoscale features is to deploy multiple mobile platforms, such as Saildrones (SDs), to achieve high-resolution synchronous measurements, but this requires velocity accuracies of O(1 cm/s) to resolve submesoscale velocity gradients. In this study, we [...]
Influence and Prediction of Planetary Orbital Changes on Earth's Atmospheric Water Vapor Variations
Published: 2025-01-17
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A few people have gradually realized that the superposition effect of different planets in the solar system on Earth under high-speed motion and dynamic equilibrium can sometimes trigger extreme natural disasters. Due to the relatively regular changes in the relative positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth, this study considers these three planets as independent systems. The orbits of other planets [...]
OceanTracker 0.5: Fast Adaptable Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Structured and Unstructured Grids
Published: 2025-01-16
Subjects: Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Particle tracking is frequently used to compute particle movements within hydrodynamic ocean models; however, modelling millions of particles is computationally challenging. OceanTracker is designed to minimise the time required to obtain results from particle tracking. Firstly, by being computationally fast, it enables users to scale to large numbers of particles, thus obtaining better [...]
Spatio-temporal analysis of the extremes of precipitation and temperature in the capital cities of India
Published: 2025-01-15
Subjects: Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents an analysis of extreme temperature and precipitation events in the capital cities of India during 40-years study period (1982-2022). Daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall from NASA-POWER were used to compute climate extreme indices, recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) and Expert Team on Sector-Specific Climate [...]
Multilingual Community Visualizations (MCV): A GIS Dashboard for Linguistic Research and NWS Operations
Published: 2025-07-23
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
The NWS is actively expanding its multilingual outreach to better serve the 68.8 million U.S. individuals who speak a language other than English at home. Among these, 26.3 million individuals with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) are of particular concern, as they often rely entirely on translated forecasts to make life-saving decisions. Yet identifying where these populations are concentrated [...]
Recent rise of water levels of Lake Nakuru, Kenya: Unraveling the Changing Precipitation Regime and its Climatic Drivers
Published: 2025-01-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Meteorology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Kenyan Rift Valley has experienced an abrupt and significant rise in its lake levels since 2010, followed by a more rapid rise since 2020. This paper examines the dynamic changes in precipitation patterns and their climatic drivers in the Kenyan Rift Valley region from 1981 to 2021, focusing on Lake Nakuru. Notably, in 2010, a pivotal change point in precipitation aligns with the rising water [...]
Changes in physical properties of rocks during serpentinization and implications for natural hydrogen exploration
Published: 2025-01-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology
Serpentinization, transforms the physical properties of ultramafic rocks, with significant implications for natural hydrogen exploration. This study compiles and analyzes over 1,000 samples from diverse geological settings to elucidate relationships between rock properties—such as density, seismic velocities, elastic moduli, porosity, and magnetic susceptibility—and the degree of [...]
Shallow fault zone structure affects rupture dynamics and ground motions of the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence to regional distances
Published: 2025-01-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic faults are surrounded by damaged rocks with reduced rigidity and enhanced attenuation. These damaged fault zone structures can amplify seismic waves and affect earthquake dynamics, yet they are typically omitted in physics-based regional ground motion simulations. We report on the significant effects of a shallow, flower-shaped fault zone in foreshock-mainshock 3D dynamic rupture models [...]
Untangling microfibres: Pervasive plastic pollution in submarine canyons
Published: 2025-01-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Submarine canyons are important conduits for microplastic transport to the deep sea via turbidity currents. However, other near-bed oceanographic flows and sub-seafloor processes may play an important role in the transport and burial of microplastics. We use sediment push-cores for microplastic and sediment grain-size analysis from two transects across the Whittard Canyon, UK, to show that [...]
Updated high-resolution climate projections for Ireland
Published: 2025-01-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate change poses a significant risk to Ireland’s economy, society and environment, and therefore it is imperative that planners and policymakers are adequately informed about future climate change so that appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures can be implemented. The main objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of climate change on the future climate of Ireland using [...]
Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Community Sustainability in Atlantic Canada: A Transdisciplinary Approach
Published: 2025-01-17
Subjects: Education, Social and Behavioral Sciences
This paper examines the significant impacts of climate change on community sustainability in Atlantic Canada, particularly for vulnerable populations. Rising temperatures and sea levels threaten livelihoods, infrastructure, and ecosystems, necessitating a transformative approach to avoid maladaptation. Current strategies primarily rooted in natural sciences and economic models lack the [...]
Trace Element Analyses of Plagioclase from Troctolite 76535 and Implications for Mg-suite Petrogenesis
Published: 2025-01-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geology, Planetary Sciences
Certain Mg-suite samples display enrichment in incompatible elements, likely resulting from the assimilation of the material that crystallized at the very late stages of magma ocean (ur-KREEP). This study uses trace element analyses of plagioclase separates from sample 76535 to estimate the Rare Earth Element (REE) concentration of the Mg-suite parental liquid and assess the extent of [...]
Controls on Runoff Efficiency and its Spatiotemporal Variability in South Asian River Basins
Published: 2025-01-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Runoff efficiency (RE) represents the potential of a basin to generate runoff in response to precipitation and it varies based on climatology and physiography. It is a key metric that enables hydrologists to compare the hydrologic responses of basins across diverse climates and landscapes. In the large river basins of South Asia, RE plays a key role in floods and drought dynamics but has not been [...]
SpartANN - Spectral Pattern Analysis and Remote-sensing Tool with Artificial Neural Networks
Published: 2025-01-28
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Geography, Remote Sensing, Software Engineering
Remote sensing, particularly from satellite observation, has become the standard tool for monitoring the planet with a steady increase of data production, and has seen wide application in ecosystem services analysis and management. Many remote sensing applications involve image classification, using methods from simple regressions to complex machine learning approaches that require advanced user [...]
Algal lipid distributions and hydrogen isotope ratios reflect phytoplankton community dynamics
Published: 2025-01-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Paleobiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Reconstructions of past changes in algal community composition provide important context for future alterations in biogeochemical cycling. However, many existing phytoplankton proxies are indicative of individual algal groups and are not fully representative of the whole community. Here, we evaluated hydrogen isotope ratios of algal lipids (δ2HLipid) as a potential proxy for phytoplankton [...]