Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Middle Miocene Mediterranean mangroves and potential modern analogs
Published: 2025-02-24
Subjects: Paleontology
During the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; 17–15 Ma), the northern boundary of mangroves – now situated at ~30° N – extended along the northern Mediterranean coasts (~45° N). These Avicennia-only mangroves have been considered impoverished mangroves controlled by the general latitudinal temperature gradient. The MCO Mediterranean mangroves have been compared with the extant Middle East (ME) [...]
Towards a global deep learning model for daily soil CO2 efflux
Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Life Sciences
Soil CO2 efflux, the largest flux of CO2 to the atmosphere, is expected to rise globally under climate change. Its magnitude and temporal variability are highly uncertain, and daily-scale models capturing rapid changes to environmental drivers remain rare. We used a global database of soil CO2 efflux (total observations = 7,797,535 from 2002-2020) to train a deep learning model (Long Short-Term [...]
Senescence driven solubilization of biomass is the main source of kelp-derived dissolved organic carbon to the coastal ocean
Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Life Sciences
Kelp forests form some of the most productive areas on earth and are proposed to sequester carbon in the ocean, largely in the form of released dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Here we investigate the role of environmental, seasonal and age-related physiological gradients on the partitioning of net primary production (NPP) into DOC by the canopy forming giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Rates of [...]
Trends and ENSO-related variability in Atlantic tropical cyclone intensity and intensification
Published: 2025-02-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examined trends and ENSO-related variability in Atlantic tropical cyclone intensity, focusing on 24-h intensification, lifetime maximum intensity (LMI), and rapid intensification (RI) in best-track data during the period 1982–2024. Previous studies considered trends and ENSO influences separately, reporting upward trends in intensity and more cases of RI during La Niña conditions. [...]
Thirty Years of the Open Geospatial Consortium - History, Present, and Future
Published: 2025-02-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
For 30 years, the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has advanced geospatial interoperability through continuous innovation. The OGC provides strategies and Standards that promote adoption, increase efficiencies, create new opportunities, and transform our relationship with the dynamic planet we inhabit. It has fostered global collaborations among companies, governments, academic institutions, and [...]
Uncertainties as a Guide for Global Water Model Advancement
Published: 2025-02-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Global water models increasingly allow us to explore the terrestrial water cycle in earth-sized digital laboratories to support science and guide policy. However, these models are still subject to considerable uncertainties that mainly originate from three sources: (1) imbalances in data quality and availability across geographical regions and between hydrologic variables, (2) poorly quantified [...]
Air quality impacts of the January 2025 Los Angeles wildfires: Insights from public data sources
Published: 2025-02-24
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection
Smoke from the Los Angeles wildfires that started on January 7, 2025 caused severe air quality impacts across the region. Government agencies released guidance on assessing personal risk, pointing to publicly available data platforms that present information from regulatory and low-cost monitoring networks. Additional satellite-based products provide useful supplementary information during [...]
Joint optimization of AI large and small models for surface temperature and emissivity retrieval using knowledge distillation
Published: 2025-02-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence in domains such as natural language processing has catalyzed AI research across various fields. This study introduces a novel strategy, the AutoKeras-Knowledge Distillation (AK-KD), which integrates knowledge distillation technology for joint optimization of large and small models in the retrieval of surface temperature and emissivity using thermal [...]
Patterns of deformation in the deepest mantle linked to ancient subduction
Published: 2025-02-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Shear wave speeds in Earth's deepest mantle (D") that vary with wave propagation and polarization direction -- a property called seismic anisotropy -- offer insights into mantle convection. To date, global patterns of D" anisotropy have been mostly derived from long wavelength radially anisotropic tomography models, which often disagree except for the large-scale degree-2 pattern. Here, we [...]
Seismic imaging of mid-crustal heterogeneity beneath geothermal systems, central Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
Published: 2025-02-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) in New Zealand is a region of highly pro- ductive Quaternary volcanism and very large hydrothermal heat flux. Here we investigate the upper- and mid-crustal seismic velocity structure of a region within the central, rhyolitic part of the TVZ encompassing the high- temperature geothermal systems Mokai, Wairakei, Ng¯a Tamariki, Orakei Korako, Te Kopia and Rotokawa. [...]
Unsupervised Concept Discovery for Deep Weather Forecast Models with High-Resolution Radar Data
Published: 2025-05-01
Subjects: Computer Engineering
The global climate crisis is creating increasingly complex rainfall patterns, leading to a rising demand for data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) in short-term weather forecasting. However, the black-box nature of AI models act as a critical obstacle against their integration into existing forecasting operations. This study addresses this issue by implementing an explainable AI framework that [...]
Planetary health security?: critical scoping review of conceptual linkages between ‘health security’ and ‘planetary health’
Published: 2025-02-28
Subjects: Public Health
Background ‘Health security’ — the subjection of health to ‘security’ frameworks — and ‘planetary health’— the study of human health impacts of the degradation of planetary ecosystems — have emerged in the last decades as prominent global health fields. However, limited literature connects them, particularly incorporating critical perspectives. We explored interactions between these approaches [...]
A composite index-based insurance instrument for managing the financial risk of variable hydrometeorology for electric utilities
Published: 2025-02-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Variable hydrometeorological conditions can impact electric utilities' financial stability. Extreme temperatures often increase electricity demand, raising utility costs, while drought reduces hydropower generation and often reduces revenues, with financial impacts potentially exacerbated by spikes in fuel prices, particularly natural gas. In this study, a model of the U.S. West Coast power [...]
locationallocation: solving Maximal Coverage Location-Allocation geospatial infrastructure assessment and planning problems
Published: 2025-03-19
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Geographic Information Sciences, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Spatial Science
Assessing and planning infrastructure and networks over space conditional to a spatially distributed demand and with consideration of accessibility and spatial justice goals and under infrastructure allocation constraints is a key policy objective. Potential applications extend to the domains of public infrastructure assessment and planning (public services provision, e.g. transport, social [...]
Kimberlite, carbonatite and alkaline magmatic systems: definitions, origins, and strategic mineral resources
Published: 2025-02-27
Subjects: Education
This Chapter provides an overview of the nature and origin of kimberlites, carbonatites and alkaline silicate rocks, with emphasis on the strategic mineral deposits linked to these types of mantle-derived volcanism (e.g., diamonds and rare-earth elements). It is demonstrated that many of the critical raw materials hosted by carbonatites and alkaline silicate rocks are essential for the transition [...]