Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Are All Tipping Points Predictable? A Test of Early Warning Signal Theory on Three Distinct Holocene Climate Events
Published: 2025-07-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The detection of Early Warning Signals (EWS) in noisy paleoclimate time series is a significant analytical challenge. Previous studies have often focused on individual events or single metrics, leaving the broader robustness and universality of the EWS framework unresolved. In this study, we apply a comprehensive analytical pipeline to a δ¹⁸O proxy record from the NGRIP ice core, testing for [...]
A New Interpretation of Ptolemy's Germania Magna: Employing Computer-Assisted Image Distortion of a Medieval Map by Donnus Nicolaus Germanus to Examine Post-Glacial Geodynamics in Europe
Published: 2025-02-01
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Nature and Society Relations, Other Astrophysics and Astronomy, Other Earth Sciences, Other Geography, Other Planetary Sciences, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, The Sun and the Solar System
This paper revisits Claudius Ptolemy's depiction of Germania Magna through a multidisciplinary approach, integrating computer-aided distortion analysis of Donnus Nicolaus Germanus's medieval cartography with geological insights. The study proposes that the region underwent significant and complex transformations, likely influenced by tectonic activity, such as the reactivation of the Caledonian [...]
Chapter 2.4: Volcanic gas impacts
Published: 2025-07-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Volcanic gases can pose a long-term hazard as they may be released during eruptive and non-eruptive periods. Acidic plumes, diffuse degassing, limnic eruptions and release of gases into the troposphere and stratosphere can affect natural and human environments, scaled to eruption size. The components of volcanic emissions that cause the most impact are CO2, SO2, H2S, 222Rn, HCl, HF, and PM. The [...]
Machine Learning Insights into the Geochemical Life Cycle of the Columbia River Flood Basalts
Published: 2025-07-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Flood basalts are challenging to characterize in detail, despite enormous their erupted volumes, due to their age and chemical homogeneity. Here we explore machine learning (ML) approaches for classification and pattern identification in whole rock geochemical data of the Columbia River Flood Basalts (CRFB), which provide key constraints on magma generation, transport, and emplacement. We utilize [...]
The 4th Global Coral Bleaching Event: Ushering in an era of near-annual bleaching
Published: 2025-07-01
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Increasingly frequent marine heatwaves have escalated the prevalence and extent of mass coral bleaching events. Global-scale coral bleaching events (GCBE) can unfold when marine heatwaves impact reefs across all tropical ocean basins within a common period. Here, we define an objective, quantifiable index to compare periods of satellite-derived coral heat stress accumulation globally from [...]
‘You can’t blame people for risky choices if there are no better options’: Household water safety in the Dominican Republic
Published: 2025-07-01
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Household water insecurity, fractured systems of water delivery, and intermittent water supply hamper efforts to ensure that the water households consume is safe. Household water treatment and safe storage are often advocated as effective, rapidly deployed, and cost-effective solutions to these problems. However, the effectiveness of these measures and household compliance with them often degrade [...]
Hydro3DJS: A Modular Web-Based Library for Real-Time 3D Visualization of Watershed Dynamics and Digital Twin Integration
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces, Hydrology
Effective visualization of hydrological data is essential for interpreting flood risk and supporting environmental decision-making. This study presents Hydro3DJS, a lightweight, browser-native 3D visualization library that integrates real-time environmental data with interactive digital-twin capabilities. Built with JavaScript, WebGL, and the Google Maps API, the system renders rainfall, [...]
River Network HyperGraphs and Transportation Network HyperGraphs: A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Geoscientific and Civil Applications
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Civil Engineering, Environmental Studies, Life Sciences, Mathematics, Other Life Sciences, Other Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
River Network Graphs and Transportation Network Graphs are classical models that represent river systems and transportation infrastructures as vertices and edges, respectively, and underpin applications in hydrological simulation, watershed management, shortest-path computation, and urban traffic analysis. In this paper, we extend these graph-based models into the hypergraph and superhypergraph [...]
Spatial Analysis of Lead (Pb) Contamination in Soils of the Savar Industrial Zone, Bangladesh Using QGIS-Based Interpolation
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Lead (Pb) contamination poses significant environmental and public health risks in industrial regions. This study employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess the spatial distribution of Pb in soils across the Savar industrial zone, Bangladesh—an area characterized by dense industrial activity, including tanneries, textile mills, and metal-processing plants. Using point data from ten [...]
The Subseasonal North Atlantic Oscillation is a Quasi-Semiannual, Propagating Disturbance
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a well-studied mode of regional climate variability, associated with fluctuations in sea-level pressure (SLP), storm tracks, and the North Atlantic jet. These fluctuations have been perceived as a seesawing between two climatic phases, one corresponding to a more poleward jet and the other to a more equatorward. However, recent work has shown that zonal [...]
Spatial Analysis and Heatmap Visualization of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Dhaka and Mymensingh Divisions, Bangladesh
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physiology
Arsenic contamination in groundwater poses a critical public health threat in Bangladesh, particularly in its central and northern regions. This study investigates the spatial distribution of arsenic concentrations across the Dhaka and Mymensingh divisions using geospatial clustering and interpolation techniques. A total of 1,124 groundwater samples were analyzed using Python-based spatial [...]
Chemical and meteorological drivers of ozone extremes during the 2019 UK summer heatwaves
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Heatwave-associated air pollution episodes are increasingly recognized as a public health threat. Studies have observed a positive correlation between extreme temperature and extreme surface ozone concentrations. However, the underpinning chemical and physical drivers and their interconnections are not well quantified and may vary across regions and individual heatwave events. The 2019 UK summer [...]
Could seismo-volcanic catalogues be improved or created using weakly supervised approaches with pre-trained systems?
Published: 2025-07-04
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Real-time monitoring of volcano-seismic signals is complex. Typically, automatic systems are built by learning from large seismic catalogs, where each instance has a label indicating its source mechanism. However, building complete catalogs is difficult owing to the high cost of data-labelling. Current machine learning techniques have achieved great success in constructing predictive monitoring [...]
Aquascan: Graph-Based Learning for Distributed Marine Sensing
Published: 2025-07-04
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Marine monitoring faces unprecedented challenges as climate change and human activities reshape ocean ecosystems. Traditional tracking methods struggle with the scale and complexity of modern marine sensing needs. This paper proposes distributed networks of low-cost drifting sensors and presents a comparative study of heterogeneous graph neural networks (GNNs) versus Kalman filters for predicting [...]
Embedding Symbolic Power in the Relational Turn
Published: 2025-07-04
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Understanding how nature’s values become institutionalised, while others are marginalised, is central to advancing sustainability transformations. The relational turn in sustainability science is centred around the coconstitutive dynamics of human–nature relationships. Yet, it has so far paid limited attention to the power relations that shape which values gain legitimacy or are marginalised. We [...]