Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Passive Monitoring of in situ Stress Using Shear-Wave Splitting: Applications to CO2 Storage and Beyond
Published: 2025-09-04
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Characterising the in situ stress field is important for a range of industrial applications, such as geological CO₂ storage, geothermal projects, hydrocarbon extraction, geological disposal facilities, and for natural seismic hazard assessment. Shear-wave splitting is a passive measurement which can be used to passively monitor changes in the in situ stress field. We combine borehole stress and [...]
Hunga eruption on 15 January 2022: Was there a precursor plume one hour before the eruption?
Published: 2025-09-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Volcanology
This note is aimed at the examination of a precursor plume one hour before the paroxysmal Hunga eruption on 15 January 2022, following a claim made in Van Eaton et al. (2023). After examination of a number of satellite and meteorological data, it is concluded in agreement with Prata et al. (2024) that this claim results from a misinterpretation of satellite imagery.
Simulation of the Impacts of Spring Diversions on Streamflow in the Strawberry Creek Watershed, San Bernardino County, California, Using an Integrated Hydrological Model
Published: 2025-11-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Strawberry Creek watershed, situated in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, features a group of natural springs known as Arrowhead Springs that have been augmented with diversions in the form of sub-horizontal borings and tunnels. Understanding the impact of these structures on streamflow through groundwater capture is crucial for managing surface-water resources in this [...]
A proposal for a horizontal vector approach in 3D electrical resistivity tomography and its associated geometric factor
Published: 2026-04-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is commonly implemented with collinear electrode arrays that measure only electric-field components along the survey line, neglecting horizontal variations in other directions. While this limitation is acceptable in 2D ERT, it can be significant in 3D settings with complex geometry and strong resistivity contrasts. To address this issue, we propose an [...]
Quantification of natural CO2 emissions from mofettes using a low-cost sensor network at the Starzach site in south-west Germany
Published: 2025-09-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Meteorology
We present a top-down method to derive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from mofettes, using only point measurement time series at irregular locations. Notably, no wind vector information is needed, as gas transport is derived from cross-correlations between sensor stations and subsequently integrated using Gauss’ divergence theorem. The method is applied to an existing low-cost sensor network at [...]
Secondary Education Students’ Misconceptions on Principles of Geology: Minerals and Rocks
Published: 2025-09-06
Subjects: Education
The purpose of this research is to investigate the misconceptions related to geological concepts among Secondary Education students in the region of Achaia, Greece. The study focuses on both Lower Secondary Education (Gymnasium, grades 7–9) and Upper Secondary Education, including General and Vocational Education (grades 10–12). Previous research has shown that students entering Lower Secondary [...]
INTEGRATED DUAL-SOURCING PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK: COMBINING WASTEWATER REUSE AND DESALINATION IN A TWO-PRONGED APPROACH FOR RESILIENT URBAN WATER SECURITY IN TAIZ, YEMEN.
Published: 2025-09-05
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
This study proposes a novel paradigm integrating wastewater reuse and desalination for Taiz's water security in Yemen. This hydrological circuit of multiple stages transforms wastewater streams into value-added products, establishing a robust dual-sourcing matrix that mitigates the linear exploitation of resources. The proposed framework strives to generate 0.8 kWh of electricity with 1 m³ of [...]
Lumped Thermal Impedance Modeling of Anthropogenic Global Warming of the Troposphere
Published: 2026-05-18
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Anthropogenic global warming has reached a level so high that it is now possible to an- alyze its dynamics and spatial variation. Spatially varying Surface Air Temperature (SAT) anomalies [1] can be well described by exponential functions with increase rates that range from 2.1 to 3.7% per year, depending on the region. The Northern Hemisphere has warmed significantly more than the Southern [...]
Shear-wave splitting measured for permanent reservoir monitoring systems: an example from the Snorre field
Published: 2025-09-06
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Microseismic monitoring of offshore CO2 storage projects is likely to include some deployment of offshore sensors. To improve the value proposition of this monitoring infrastructure, it is important to consider what other information can be gained about the CO2 storage complex and the surrounding region. Shear-wave splitting is one potential source of added value to microseismic monitoring of CO2 [...]
Sill intrusion and compressive regimes: Examples of intrusion-induced compression in host-rocks during sill emplacement in the Faroe Islands
Published: 2025-09-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sills of predominantly mafic compositions are ubiquitous in many onshore and offshore extension-related sedimentary basins worldwide and do in some instances also appear in extension-related volcanic settings such as those in North Atlantic islands like NW Britain, Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Both of these settings are typically composed of sub-horizontal layered strata, in which individual [...]
Relation of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity with observed and predicted ENSO indices
Published: 2025-09-08
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences global climate variability, including Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. The Niño-3.4 index has long been used to characterize ENSO. However, new ENSO indices have been proposed in recent years. Here, in the context of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, we compared Niño-3.4 to three modern ENSO indices: the relative Niño-3.4 index, the ENSO [...]
Strategic crop relocation could substantially mitigate nuclear winter yield losses
Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Food Science
Nuclear war could inject millions of tonnes of soot into the stratosphere, cooling the Earth and devastating crop yields. We assess crop relocation—switching which crops are grown where—as an adaptation strategy. Using the Mink crop model, we simulate six major crops under three nuclear winter scenarios (16, 47, and 150 Tg of soot). Without adaptation, global caloric production falls 23%, 53%, [...]
Explainable and Uncertainty-Aware Computational Geodetic Inversion: A Review and Framework for Multi-Source Earth Observation
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Geodetic inversion converts surface and remote sensing data into estimates of concealed Earth system parameters, including fault slip, magma-source geometry, subsurface mass changes, crustal strain, and time-dependent geohazard activities. This review explores geodetic inversion as a computational challenge that involves combining diverse data, optimizing and quantifying uncertainty, and [...]
Where do slopes fail in Rudraprayag? A small-inventory landslide susceptibility study, and how evaluation choices change the answer
Published: 2026-09-27
Subjects: Education
Rudraprayag district in the Garhwal Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India) is highly landslide-prone and lies on the pilgrimage route to Kedarnath. No landslide inventory was accessible for this study, so I built a preliminary one semi-automatically: bare, steep patches detected in Sentinel-2 imagery were verified one by one on high-resolution imagery, giving 38 landslides. I trained random forests on [...]
Added value of a priori bias correcting dynamically downscaled data for application to species distribution models - a case study for coastal British Columbia
Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Predicting changes in species distributions under climate change relies on high-quality climate projections. In this case study of coastal British Columbia, we prepare and evaluate two sets of climate data - a priori bias corrected and non bias corrected dynamically downscaled historical projections of Community Earth System Model 2 simulations. We compare these datasets with downscaled ERA5 [...]