Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Trees and Life, Heat and Death: Integrating Temperature and Green Spaces with Social Determinants of Health in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Objectives Climate change has wide-reaching implications for planetary and human health; one of its rising impacts is deaths related to extreme heat. This study attempts to integrate remotely sensed measures of temperature and greenness into the methodology of Code Red, a study examining the relationship between health and a variety of social determinants in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, initially [...]
ClimActor 2.0: A spatialized database of subnational climate pledges and emissions data
Published: 2025-09-30
Subjects: Environmental Studies
ClimActor 2.0 is an open, spatialized database that compiles climate targets, action plans, and self-reported emission inventories from subnational governments, including cities, municipalities, states and regions, worldwide. The dataset provides standardized administrative boundaries for each entity, enabling direct linkage to geospatial data such as population, GDP, land cover, and other [...]
Mitigation of Ultraviolet Solar Radiation Involving Calcite (MUSIC)
Published: 2025-10-15
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health and Protection
This investigation explores the use of calcite (CaCO3) powder, the most common and radiation- resistant form of calcium carbonate, as an environmentally friendly mechanism for solar radiation management by measuring its ability to deflect ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The experiment took place on a high-altitude balloon (HAB) payload. Three sets of laminated calcite sheets with varying [...]
Eocene lacustrine–volcaniclastic deposits at Aliabad (Central Iran): A possible Proto-basin of the Oligo-Miocene Qom Formation
Published: 2025-10-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Central Iran hosts intricate Cenozoic successions where the Oligo‑Miocene Qom Formation forms a major hydrocarbon reservoir. The stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental relationship of the Eocene Aliabad deposits to this formation has been controversial. This study integrates stratigraphic logging, petrography, geochemistry (XRD/XRF), and ichnology on 46 thin sections from Aliabad and 157 [...]
Coupling local perspectives with remotely sensed data to better understand small-scale tropical forest changes
Published: 2025-09-30
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Forests are essential for climate, biodiversity and society. Conserving or increasing forest cover is the focus of many national and international policies. Yet implementing such policies at local levels remains a massive challenge, in part due to contrasting perceptions of small-scale forest cover changes and their effects on livelihoods. In this study, we couple remotely sensed forest cover [...]
Worldwide inference of national methane emissions by inversion of satellite observations with UNFCCC prior estimates
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Engineering
Meeting climate policy goals to reduce methane emissions under the Paris Agreement and the Global Methane Pledge requires nations to set targets and quantify reductions. Individual countries report emissions by sector to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) but there are large uncertainties. Here we optimize 2023 national emissions at up to 25 km grid resolution for [...]
Climate Change Projections for the Central Peruvian Coast (2006–2100) Using CMIP5 Models: Agricultural Impacts and Implications for the Growth of Chenopodium quinoa Willd in Arid Zones
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Agriculture
We evaluated climatic data for the central coastal region of Peru (Lima) as simulated by the climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The models were: MIROC-ESM, CSIRO Mk 3.6, CNRM-CM5, GFDL-CM3, IPSL-CM5A-MR, and MPI-ESM-LR, with respective spatial resolutions of 2.81° × 1.77°, 1.875° × 1.86°, 1.4° × 1.40°, 2.5° × 2.0°, 2.5° × 1.27°, and 1.875° × 1.875°. [...]
Hydrogeology and assessment of the effect of oil-production activities in the Midway Valley area, western Kern County, California
Published: 2026-04-15
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The southwestern San Joaquin Valley, California includes oil fields and oil-field water disposal facilities, (ponds and injection wells). The Tulare Formation and overlying alluvium comprise the main aquifers in the study area and are commonly used for produced water disposal. Water quality in the aquifers is naturally brackish (total dissolved solids (TDS) 3,000-10,000 mg/L) across most of the [...]
Peatland Mid-Infrared Database 1.0.0
Published: 2025-10-06
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Soil Science, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Systematic collections of peat mid-infrared spectra and other peat properties are scarce, but useful to understand peat chemistry and develop spectral prediction models. The Peatland Mid-Infrared Database ('pmird') stores 3877 mid-infrared spectra of peat, peat-forming vegetation, and dissolved organic matter, together with measurements of other peat properties that were collated from previous [...]
Unified Granular Intrusion Dynamics for Planetary Materials
Published: 2025-10-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Granular friction μ is a sensitive and poorly understood function of packing fraction ϕ. Every granular material has a distinct critical volume fraction ϕc that delineates two mechanical deformation modes – compaction for ϕ < ϕc, and dilation for ϕ > ϕc. Here we examine the relation(s) between friction and packing fraction, using quasi-static penetration tests in materials ranging from [...]
Accessible Climate and Impact Model Output for Studying the Human and Environmental Impacts of Nuclear Conflict
Published: 2025-10-03
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Nuclear winter refers to the suite of physical and biological consequences that may follow nuclear conflict, particularly the cooling and darkening of Earth’s surface due to black carbon soot in the upper atmosphere. While the associated changes in temperature, precipitation, and food system productivity have been the subject of climate modeling for decades, the outputs of models used to project [...]
A Field Study on Background Radiation Variability with Elevation in Eastern Nepal
Published: 2025-10-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This research investigates how environmental radioactivity varies with altitude in the diverse landscapes of Eastern Nepal. Employing two calibrated Geiger–Müller (GM) counters, background radiation was recorded as counts per minute (cpm) across selected sites in the districts of Dhankuta, Panchthar, Taplejung, and Ilam. Data were geo- referenced using GPS to correlate radiation levels with [...]
Transformer Assisted U-Net for Marine Litter Detection on Sentinel-2 Imagery
Published: 2025-10-05
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring
The contamination of marine environments with man-made litter is a growing nation-wide concern. Satellite imagery combined with deep learning–based detection models has emerged as a robust and cost-effective solution for large-scale marine litter monitoring. In this article, we present a novel deep learning-based scheme to detect marine litter using Sentinel-2 imagery based on the Deep UNet [...]
Geochronology of Taung and other southern African australopiths
Published: 2025-10-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
One century after the Taung juvenile’s discovery, its age and that of many other southern African australopiths remains unknown. This lack of accurate geochronological constraints leaves important questions unanswered, including the temporal relationship between the South African fossil sites and their well dated eastern African counterparts. Previous age estimates for the Taung fossil range from [...]
Database of Generated Rock Microstructures and their computed Geometrical and Hydraulic properties
Published: 2025-10-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering
There is a strong link between a material’s microstructural features and its macroscopic physical properties. However, heterogeneities in real-world rock microstructures often result in strong cross-correlations between the microscopic features, making it difficult to evaluate the influence of individual characteristics. Minkowski functionals (MFs), a set of measures derived from integral [...]