Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Moist adiabatic scaling explains mean and fast upper-level jet stream wind response to climate change
Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The upper-level jet stream exhibits a robust increase in strength and shear under climate change. Previous work also noted a fast-get-faster response and connected it diagnostically to the Clausius-Clapeyron relation. Here we derive a moist adiabatic scaling that explains the upper-level jet stream wind response. Given the daily surface air temperature distribution and assuming a moist adiabatic [...]
A Superflare and Geomagnetic Excursion as the Triggers for the Younger Dryas Climatic Event and Terminal Pleistocene Extinctions
Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) stadial at ~12,850 cal. yr BP remains one of the most abrupt climatic transitions in the geologic record, coinciding with megafaunal extinctions and human cultural shifts. The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH) proposes a cosmic event but struggles to explain the absence of a crater, terrestrial isotopic signatures of key proxies, and the hemispheric bias [...]
A Bayesian Approach to Hyperspectral Leaf Trait Prediction with uncertainty quantification
Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Leaf functional traits are leaf features that determine ecosystem functioning, plant growth, and resource allocation. Most traits can be derived from leaf reflectance measurements across the visible to shortwave infrared range using empirical and physical methods. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) is widely used but has limitations in uncertainty quantification and model flexibility. In [...]
Abrupt stream acidification and metal mobilization linked to permafrost degradation
Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Stream chemistry and ecosystem function are being transformed by abrupt climate-driven acceleration of sulfide-mineral oxidation in permafrost-underlain headwater catchments of the Yukon and Mackenzie river basins—the two largest (sub)Arctic rivers in North America. Over the past decade, dozens of acidic (pH ~3) seepages have emerged in these headwaters, causing vegetation dieback and mobilizing [...]
Tropical cyclone risk to global electricity supply
Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Power and Energy, Risk Analysis
To analyse the risks from Tropical Cyclones (TC) to electricity supply, we have combined a large ensemble of TC simulations with a spatial model of power networks and people served, for the entire TC belt globally. The model of electricity power failure, measured in terms of population disrupted, was calibrated against nighttime lights satellite imagery of historic TC events. Use of spatially [...]
Meteorite Classification Using Triple Oxygen Isotopes
Published: 2026-04-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
For decades, measurements of all three isotopes of oxygen have been made in a handful of specialized laboratories around the world. These measurements either confirm meteorite classifications or prevent misclassification of terrestrial materials. Isotope geochemists making these measurements, in collaboration with meteorite enthusiasts and scientists, frequently receive questions regarding best [...]
Economic and Environmental Comparison of Open Field and Screenhouse Vegetable Farming in Nigeria
Published: 2025-09-12
Subjects: Agriculture
This study compares screenhouse, rainfed, and irrigated vegetable farming systems in Northwest Nigeria, focusing on their economic and environmental performance. Screenhouse farming demonstrates superior yield, cost-efficiency, and sustainability, producing up to 90% more saleable output than rainfed systems and using over 95% less water per kilogram of produce. Although initial investment is [...]
Impact of the easternmost category-5 Hurricane Lorenzo on North Atlantic sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations
Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Life Sciences
Stress interactions between earthquakes and volcanoes in South Iceland: Application to Eyjafjallajökull and Katla
Published: 2025-09-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
South Iceland contains some of Iceland´s best-known volcanoes (Hekla, Katla, and Eyjafjallajökull) as well as one of its two main seismic zones, namely the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ). The part of the SISZ that produces continuous microseismicity is a 70-km-long and 10-20-km wide zone, located between the active volcanic zones referred to as the West Volcanic Zone and East Volcanic Zones. [...]
Historical air quality database in Navarre, Spain (2011–2025): Harmonized hourly records and relational Star Schema of atmospheric pollutants
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Monitoring
Administrative air quality monitoring networks often release public data across fragmented repositories, variable formats, and inconsistent time encodings, hindering automated scientific re-use. This paper presents a curated, harmonized, and quality-controlled environmental dataset covering 15 consecutive years (2011–2025) of hourly atmospheric observations in Navarre, Spain. Integrating [...]
A meta-analysis of the agronomic benefits of silicate rock powders in Brazil in the context of a novel classification
Published: 2025-09-03
Subjects: Agriculture, Food Science, Plant Sciences
Brazil has emerged as a global leader in the use of silicate agrominerals (ASi), silicate-rich rock powders that supply plant nutrients and improve soil properties. These materials could advance low-cost soil-sustaining crop production, particularly in the deeply weathered and nutrient-depleted soils of the tropics. However, the research landscape remains fragmented, and there is currently no [...]
Sudden freshening and cooling of western North Atlantic slope water at the onset of the Little Ice Age based on Magnesium-to-Calcium ratio and oxygen stable isotope record.
Published: 2025-09-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Little Ice Age (LIA, ~1400–1850 CE) was characterized by colder winters and more frequent extreme weather events in the Northern Hemisphere. While changes in ocean circulation likely contributed to global cooling, the specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how ocean circulation changed before, during, and after the LIA using marine sediment cores from the [...]
Hydrologic Implications for Seasonally Draining Lakes in the Central Oregon Cascades
Published: 2025-09-13
Subjects: Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The hydrogeology of volcanic terrain exhibits characteristics that reflect both a legacy of volcanic construction and transient evolution of bedrock hydraulic conductivity on million year timescales. Here, we study a drainage basin in the Central Oregon High Cascades in which Holocene lava flows dammed streams, creating seasonal lakes that fill with the spring snowmelt, and drain completely over [...]
South Atlantic Anomaly Influence on Jet‑Stream Dynamics and Surface Climate
Published: 2025-09-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physics
This work proposes a novel causal framework for recent climate change, departing fundamentally from greenhouse-gas-centric models. The central hypothesis is that the primary driver of global warming and biospheric stress is the degradation of Earth’s magnetic shielding—most clearly manifested in the progressive enlargement of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), expanding ~5% per two decades within [...]
Exomorphic Catalysis: A Discipline Dedicated to Energetic Disequilibria and the Activation of Life-Potential in Non-Terrestrial Environments
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
This white paper introduces exomorphic catalysis as a proposed discipline distinct from astrobiology and planetary engineering. Exomorphic catalysis investigates catalytic processes and energy disequilibria in planetary systems without assuming biology as the outcome, focusing instead on the conditions that enable or amplify self-sustaining chemical activation. The framework rests on three [...]