Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Global warming strengthens atmospheric ducting
Published: 2026-03-29
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Atmospheric ducts (ADs) provide efficient electromagnetic wave channels for beyond line-of-sight (BLOS) propagation and can serve as a sensitive diagnostic factor for the change of lower atmosphere. Based on the ERA5 model-level reanalysis data (1979–2024), a global-scale assessment of the response of AD evolution to global warming has been revealed for the first time. The occurrence probability, [...]
Scholte-wave Adjoint Tomography for Building Low-frequency, Offshore Shear-wave Velocity Models
Published: 2026-02-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Field observations have shown that low-frequency (sub-1 Hz) Scholte waves retrieved from ocean-bottom node (OBN) data are strongly influenced by large-scale velocity heterogeneities such as salt bodies, underscoring their potential for offshore model building. However, procedures for translating this sensitivity into reliable subsur- face velocity models remains poorly understood. Motivated by [...]
Global hyper-resolution groundwater dataset for assessing historical and future groundwater dynamics
Published: 2025-09-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Planetary Hydrology, Planetary Sciences
Sustainable management of global groundwater is a key societal challenge and central to Sustainable Development Goals. To address limited observations and coarse global models, we present a global hyper-resolution dataset of monthly groundwater heads and water table depth at 30 arc-seconds (~1 km), simulated by GLOBGM, a global groundwater flow model. The data set follows ISIMIP protocols and [...]
Assessing uncertainty in source rock properties using Monte Carlo basin modeling: Application to the Canning Basin, Australia
Published: 2025-07-24
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Stratigraphy
This study presents a Monte Carlo basin modeling framework for quantifying uncertainty in source rock property predictions by integrating geological, geophysical, and geochemical inputs. The approach accounts for variability in petrological parameters from rock physics inversion, paleo-erosion magnitudes, organic facies properties, and boundary conditions to simulate source rock properties such [...]
Decadal Evolution of Supraglacial Hydrology on the Nivlisen Ice Shelf: From Localized Ponding to Spatially Synchronized Hydrofracture Forcing (2015-2026)
Published: 2026-03-27
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physics
Understanding the mechanical response of Antarctic ice shelves to surface meltwater is critical for evaluating their structural stability. This study presents 11 austral summer seasons (AS 2015-2016 to AS 2025-2026) assessment of supraglacial melt pond dynamics and their mechanical implications for the Nivlisen Ice Shelf grounding zone using Landsat-8/9 imagery combined with in-situ validation [...]
A quantitative assessment of the reliability and feasibility of process-based urban stormwater quality models: Towards new evaluation criteria
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Hydrologic models have been increasingly used as a numerical tool to support urban stormwater management. Evaluation of modeling approaches helps identify the strength and weakness of a model to meet end-user requirements. However, traditional model evaluations only focus on the technical performance of a model, whereas very few studies have been conducted to quantitatively evaluate practical [...]
MJO Phase-Response Diagnostic Skill Reflects Convective Regime Contingency Beyond Coupling Strength Across Tropical Sites
Published: 2026-03-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
MJO phase composites are the standard tool for building tropical rainfall diagnostic frameworks. The coupling strength between the MJO phase and local rainfall is routinely used to justify their application. Whether coupling strength alone guarantees diagnostic skill — or whether the nature of the underlying convective regime is the additional governing condition — has not been examined. We [...]
GEOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF COAL GENOTYPES: METHOD, CALIBRATION, AND BASIN TYPOLOGY
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents a geochemical method for discriminating coal types based on vitrinite maceral composition (telinite vs. collinite), using trace element ratios normalized to a reference aluminum content of 1.5%. Analysis of 146 samples from 13 coal basins demonstrates that conventional geochemical proxies (V/Ni, Ni/Co, U/Th, V/Cr) are unreliable for paleoenvironmental interpretation, whereas [...]
Extraction and re-implementation of SWAT-Model calculations under the MAELIA platform in order to simulate the socio-environmental impacts of norms
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
MAELIA (Multi-Agent for EnvironmentaL norms Impact Assesment) is an agent-based simulation platform designed to assess the impact of alternative water management policies at the watershed level. It simulates interactions between human activities (agricultural, domestic and industrial withdrawals, regulations of water uses) and ecological processes (crop growth, plant evapotranspiration and water [...]
Bridging Natural Language and Desktop GIS Automation with LLM-Powered GIS Plugins
Published: 2026-03-09
Subjects: Other Earth Sciences, Software Engineering
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are indispensable for spatial analysis and remote sensing, but still, scripting interfaces that enable automation (ArcPy, PyQGIS, and SNAP GPT) impose a steep technical barrier on domain scientists who are not software developers. We present GIS~Chat, an open-source suite of three plugins that embed a Large Language Model (LLM) chat panel directly inside [...]
Groundwater Potential Mapping in Northwestern Nigeria: A Comparison of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Galileo-Enhanced CAT-XGB
Published: 2026-10-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Global water scarcity intensifies the need for high-resolution groundwater assessment tools, yet traditional approaches struggle to reconcile qualitative expert weights with the extensive spatial coverage offered by remote sensing data. This study presents a comparative framework evaluating expert-driven Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (a ten-layer Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)) against [...]
Spatially evaluated statistical reconstruction of Quaternary vegetation with PaleoVeg
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Paleobiology
Statistical vegetation–climate models translate palaeoclimate simulations into vegetation estimates for reconstructing Quaternary environments. We present PaleoVeg, which builds on the probabilistic approach of Shao et al. (2018) using a Random Forest and WorldClim 2.1 bioclimatic variables. It predicts probabilities for 11 vegetation and bare-ground classes and option- ally applies [...]
End-to-End Differentiable Auto-Calibration of a Distributed Glacio-Hydrological Model Using Physically Consistent Routing
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Engineering
Distributed glacio-hydrological models are essential for simulating runoff processes in glacier-fed Himalayan basins, yet their application is often constrained by extensive data requirements, high computational costs, and reliance on manual, trial-and-error calibration. Recent auto-calibration approaches using stochastic optimization or machine learning have shown promise, but they frequently [...]
Agricultural expansion and intensification in Brazil: A literature synthesis of dynamics, drivers, and implications
Published: 2026-03-24
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Other Geography, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science
Brazil’s long-term agricultural development reflects a complex interplay between human-driven land-use change and natural ecosystems. Since the 1960s, agricultural production in Brazil has expanded rapidly, driven by global food demand and national economic growth, through two primary pathways: (1) agricultural expansion via conversion of natural vegetation, particularly forests, and (2) [...]
Spectral signatures in satellite soil moisture reveal irrigation patterns across the contiguous United States
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Irrigation profoundly alters the terrestrial water cycle, yet its spatial distribution and temporal variability remain poorly constrained. Here, we introduce a new approach to detect irrigation in space based on spectral differences between modelled and satellite-observed soil moisture time series. Using wavelet decomposition, we isolate irrigation-induced variability at sub-annual scales by [...]