Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Large-scale flow toward low-velocity anomalies reconciles seismic and geodynamic constraints in the deepest mantle beneath Alaska
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Deep mantle downwellings are typically located away from the two Large Low-Velocity Provinces (LLVPs) in Earth's mantle. Geodynamic models based on global seismic tomography generally predict that convective flow at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) spreads laterally away from downwelling regions and towards LLVPs. While this offers a framework for understanding large-scale deformation in the [...]
AI learns to forecast global flood events from historical news
Published: 2026-03-09
Subjects: Hydrology
Mid-crustal Origin of Alkaline Magmas in the Arosa Zone: Evidence from Primary Analcime and Xenolith Interaction at the Rothplattenbach Complex (Germany)
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The Rothplattenbach Complex (Arosa Zone, Germany) hosts alkaline magmatic rocks that provide unique insights into the mid-crustal evolution of water-saturated melts. This study presents a detailed phase-analytical investigation using XRD and SEM/EDX to characterize the primary magmatic mineralogy and its subsequent autometasomatic alteration. A key discovery is the occurrence of primary magmatic [...]
Resonant Platform Response and Vertical Velocity Biases in ADCP Measurements from Quasi-Lagrangian Platforms
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Autonomous surface and subsurface platforms equipped with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are increasingly used to observe ocean velocities, but in the presence of surface waves these measurements can be biased by orbital motion and wave-induced platform tilting. Previous work quantified such biases for idealized platform responses that were in phase with the wave forcing. Here we [...]
Groundsource: A Dataset of Flood Events from News
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Hydrology
Two-thirds of global coastline affected by climate-driven saline groundwater intrusion by end of century, reaching far inland by 2300
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fresh groundwater is a vital resource along global coastlines where already over a third of the world’s population lives. Saline groundwater intrusion, driven by sea-level rise, groundwater abstraction, and reduced recharge, threatens the potability of coastal groundwater. Yet, the global potential for intrusion remains uncertain. Using a global groundwater model, we assess climate-driven saline [...]
Compositional Reservoir Simulation Sensitivity Studies: Grid, Permeability, and Well Configuration Analysis Using OPM Flow
Published: 2026-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Petroleum Engineering
This technical report presents a comprehensive parametric sensitivity analysis of compositional reservoir simulation using the open-source OPM Flow simulator, extending previous gas injection feasibility studies (Padder, 2026) through three systematic investigations: (1) grid refinement analysis comparing coarse (7×7×3, 147 cells) and refined (14×14×6, 1,176 cells) spatial discretization under [...]
Explaining monthly precipitation anomalies in northwestern South America by integrating vertical dynamics and energetics
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Northwestern South America (NWSA) is a critical region for monitoring El Niño-driven hydroclimatic extremes, receiving its maximum cumulative precipitation in March. Thermodynamic indices alone often fail to explain observed precipitation anomalies in this region because they neglect the limiting role of large-scale environmental dynamics. To bridge this gap, a diagnostic proxy called the [...]
Key enablers and barriers to climate-smart primary healthcare in South Africa: Insights from climate and health experts
Published: 2026-02-14
Subjects: Public Health
Climate change poses escalating threats to global health, with disproportionately severe impacts in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where structural vulnerabilities, resource constraints, and limited adaptive capacity heighten population-level risks. In these settings, primary health care (PHC), the frontline of service delivery, plays a pivotal role in implementing climate adaptation, [...]
Climate risk communications in the humanitarian health sector in East Africa: A case study from Médecins Sans Frontières
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Public Health
By 2030, it is estimated that the number of medium- to large-scale disaster events may increase to 560 per year compared to 400 in 2015. People less than 60 years of age in 2020 have been estimated to experience unprecedented extreme climate event exposures; the risk is even greater for younger generations as the planet gets warmer. This descriptive study aimed to explore how Médecins Sans [...]
Assessing and Correcting Bias in Gridded Reference Evapotranspiration over Agricultural Lands Across the Contiguous United States
Published: 2026-02-19
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Multivariate Analysis, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Water Resource Management
Gridded reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data are widely used for agricultural water management and remote sensing ET (RSET) models, but biases can arise in agricultural regions where coarse-resolution meteorological inputs fail to capture local microclimates. We investigated biases in the gridMET ETo product across irrigated agricultural areas of the contiguous United States (CONUS) by [...]
Controls on Mg isotopic fractionation between deep mantle phases and relict signatures of a terrestrial magma ocean
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Geochemistry, Mineral Physics
We use density functional theory to investigate the fractionation of Mg isotopes between phases in the lower mantle. Our results support previous work and show that coordination number plays an important role in controlling isotopic fractionation, with bridgmanite (perovskite-structured MgSiO3) preferentially incorporating lighter Mg isotopes into its highly coordinated site compared to periclase [...]
Evidence for seawater Mg/Ca and dietary control on Mg incorporation in oyster shells
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Geochemistry
The Mg/Ca ratio in bivalve shells has been investigated as a promising proxy for temperature reconstruction of the seawater. However, important discrepancies exist among the Mg/Ca-temperature calibrations reported for bivalves in the literature. These discrepancies currently limit the use of Mg/Ca for paleoclimate reconstructions based on bivalves and suggest that factors beyond temperature [...]
Future volcanic eruptions shift the timing of net-zero emissions
Published: 2026-02-16
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Volcanic eruptions are inevitable, unpredictable, and impact climate globally. During outbreaks, volcanic aerosols enter the stratosphere, modifying the planetary energy balance. How eruptions affect biosphere carbon uptake is unclear, as including the possible forcing trajectories in climate model projections is computationally expensive. Here, we show realistic future volcanic forcing increases [...]
Implementing the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement in a State Centric System: The Role of AI in Data Readiness, Corporate Traceability, and EIA Consistency in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ)
Published: 2026-02-16
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Nature and Society Relations
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) cover most of the ocean but remain governed through fragmented regimes and uneven scientific capacity. The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement aims to strengthen marine biodiversity conservation in these waters through marine protected areas and other area-based management tools, environmental impact assessment (EIA), marine genetic [...]