Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Potential groundwater recharge during floods
Published: 2026-02-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
Groundwater constitutes 30% of fresh water reserves on Earth. It is important as a source for drinking water and irrigation due to its good quality. For many aquifers in arid regions, long-term groundwater extraction has put in risk its sustainable use. Thus, it is relevant to understand and quantify processes that contribute to sustainable groundwater recharge. Most recharge to aquifers in [...]
Technical Note: Benchmark time-temperature paths provide a shared framework for evaluating and communicating thermochronologic data interpretation
Published: 2026-02-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a set of six time-temperature (tT) histories, called benchmark paths, that can be used as a shared framework for evaluating the sensitivity of a thermochronologic system to the variables inherent in the interpretation of thermochronologic data (e.g., kinetics models, mineral compositions or geometries, etc.) . These benchmark paths span 100 Myr, include monotonic and nonmonotonic [...]
The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health and Pharmaceuticals
Published: 2026-02-16
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Sciences, Medical Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Public Health, Sustainability, Toxicology
Climate change and air pollution affect nearly every major organ system, altering both the presentation of disease and patient responses to pharmaceutical treatments. However, existing knowledge on how patients, healthcare professionals, and governments should prepare for these challenges is fragmented. Climate change contributes to premature mortality, increased morbidity, and exacerbation of [...]
Channel Change and Sediment Transport in the Puyallup River Watershed through 2022
Published: 2026-02-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
The Puyallup River drains a 990 square mile watershed in western Washington, with headwaters on the glacier-covered flanks of Mount Rainier. Major tributaries include the White, Carbon, and Mowich Rivers. In the levee-confined reaches of the lower watershed, loss of flood conveyance due to sand and gravel deposition has been a chronic issue. Over much of the 20th century, flood conveyance was [...]
Longitudinal stress induced by basal slippery patch
Published: 2026-04-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supraglacial lake drainages create spatially finite regions of reduced basal friction, slippery patches, at the ice-bed interface that perturb local stresses in the overlying ice, potentially sufficiently to trigger cascading hydrofracture-driven lake drainage events. We derive analytical solutions for the perturbed stress response to such slippery patches using the shallow shelf approximation [...]
Methane and nitrous oxide concentrations and sea-air fluxes in western Long Island Sound, a eutrophic urban estuary: Hourly to seasonal variability
Published: 2025-10-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We report the first water column profiles of dissolved methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in western Long Island Sound, an urban estuary in which seasonal hypoxia occurs due to eutrophication and restricted exchange with the ocean. We collected samples at seven stations along an 18 km transect in August 2023, October 2023, and May 2024. CH4 concentrations and sea-air fluxes were highest in [...]
Emerging Shift in the Indian Summer Monsoon Sensitivity to Equatorial Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies: Insights from High-Resolution AGCM SST Patch Experiments
Published: 2026-03-17
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall exhibits strong sensitivity to sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) across four Indo-Pacific nodal regions: The Western and Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO and EEIO), the Western Pacific (WPAC), and the Niño3.4 region. Historically, positive ISM rainfall anomalies are associated with warming in WEIO and WPAC, while warming in EEIO and Niño3.4 [...]
Cross-referencing astronaut-observed lunar impact flashes with seismic data - lessons from Apollo for Artemis
Published: 2026-02-21
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
During their orbits of the Moon in 1972, Apollo astronauts reported three impact flashes on the lunar surface, associated with meteoroids striking the surface and vaporizing. We examined data from the Apollo seismic network to investigate whether these flashes produced detectable moonquakes whose locations and timing could be independently validated. No candidate matches were found, though stream [...]
A Systematic Review of Toxic Metals Occurrences through Drinking Water in Ghana
Published: 2026-03-18
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Toxic metals (TMs) are metallic contaminants that cause adverse health effects even at low exposure levels. Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) are among these contaminants of concern, causing irreversible developmental damage to children (Pb), as well as cardiovascular disease (Pb) and cancers (As) in adults. Arsenic and Manganese are primarily geogenic groundwater [...]
Implications of impact-energy dependent erosional efficiency on bedrock river sediment dynamics and form: 1. Reach-scale dynamics and the effective flood
Published: 2026-03-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
Bedrock river incision reflects the cumulative geomorphic work performed across a distribution of flood magnitudes and frequencies. Mechanistic models of bedrock incision by bedload impacts typically assume that bedrock resistance to erosion is constant with respect to particle impact energy. However, recent impact experiments demonstrate that rock resistance to erosion decreases systematically [...]
Basal Melt Dominance in Grounding-Line Dynamics: SAR Interferometry Reveals How Ocean Thermal Forcing Outpaces Tidal and Seasonal Controls in Antarctic Ice Shelves
Published: 2026-02-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The grounding line hinge position for the Fimbul Ice Shelf (Antarctic Peninsula) was determined using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometric data from June 2023 through October 2024. The data were used to determine the hinge position over eight different time intervals (i.e., SAR Pairs) at an average spatial resolution of 20 meters. The Fimbul Ice Shelf area of interest (AOI) was defined [...]
Mapping textures of polar ice cores using 3D laboratory X-ray microscopy
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Glaciology
Deep ice cores from polar ice sheets enable reconstructions of Earth’s past climate. Ice-core records are therefore crucial for projecting future climate change, however, our ability to interpret them relies on our understanding of polycrystalline-ice microstructures and mechanics. In turn, these microstructures enable modeling of ice flow and large-scale effects of ice-sheet evolution. Since [...]
Advances in tree species identification from high-resolution aerial imagery and deep learning
Published: 2026-03-20
Subjects: Forest Management, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences
Tree species diversity shapes forest functioning, carbon storage, and ecosystem resilience, yet species-level inventories remain limited outside local studies. High-resolution aerial imagery and deep learning now enable individual tree crowns to be mapped at high spatial detail, offering new pathways for biodiversity and climate impact assessments. We synthesize 103 studies (2017–2024), [...]
Dataset for Integrated Petrophysical Analysis and 3-D Geological Model Development of the Bakken Unconventional Reservoir (Sanish Field)
Published: 2026-05-10
Subjects: Engineering
The Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin remains one of the most unconventional plays in North America, yet accurate reservoir characterization continues to be challenged by significant lithological heterogeneity, particularly within the Middle Bakken and Three Forks intervals. This study presents an integrated petrophysical analysis and 3-D geocellular model development for the Sanish field, [...]
Experimental Investigation of Movement and Deposition of Woody-Debris Suspensions in Inclined Channel Tests
Published: 2026-03-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering
Debris flows, which mobilize large volumes of water, sediment, and woody debris, pose significant risks to human communities and infrastructure. In wildfire-affected forested areas, the accumulation of woody debris in drainage channels is exacerbated, thereby increasing the potential for more hazardous debris flows. To examine the influence of woody debris on debris flow dynamics, an inclined [...]