Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Probabilistic interpolation of crowdsourced meteorological data for higher-resolution gridded estimates of surface air temperature
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistical Models
Crowdsourced air temperature data from networks like Weather Underground offer dense spatial coverage and are increasingly used to study the canopy urban heat island (CUHI) effect. However, these observations are noisy: siting conditions, environmental interference, and sensor failures introduce spatially and temporally varying bias. This complicates interpolation, limiting our ability to [...]
Fourier Neural Operator Surrogates for Hysteretic Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Geological CO2 Storage Reservoirs
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modeling hysteresis in heterogeneous field-scale reservoirs is essential for estimating residual CO2 trapping capacity and assessing the security of geological storage. This requires accounting for both relative permeability hysteresis and capillary pressure hysteresis, which control path-dependent multiphase flow and the spatial distribution of trapped gas. Because maximum residual gas [...]
VolFe: an open-source Python package for calculating melt-vapor equilibria including silicate melt, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and noble gases
Published: 2024-09-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
VolFe is an open-source flexible and adaptable thermodynamic framework in Python for calculating the equilibrium composition of melt and vapor. VolFe considers basaltic through rhyolitic melts including the volatiles carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and the noble gases. VolFe models both reduced and oxidised systems due to the range of melt and vapor species included. Hence, VolFe is applicable to [...]
Quantifying hydropower flexibility during extreme temperature events
Published: 2026-04-20
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Other Mathematics, Power and Energy, Systems Engineering
Extreme weather events can impose substantial stress on the electrical grid. Hydropower offers unique operational flexibility, enhancing grid resilience and reliability. Despite this value of flexibility, systematic assessments of hydropower flexibility -- particularly during extreme events -- remain limited. This study is the first to quantify hydropower operational flexibility using 25 years' [...]
Balancing Food Production and Environmental Sustainability in Ethiopian Agriculture: A Systematic Review
Published: 2026-04-08
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Ethiopia faces the dual challenge of increasing food production for a rapidly growing population while preserving the natural resource base that sustains its agricultural systems. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 130 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025 to examine the relationship between agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability in Ethiopia. [...]
Modeling PDC cutter-rock interactions using finite discrete element method for geothermal drilling applications
Published: 2026-04-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters are used in geothermal energy drilling operations as they are exceptionally effective due to their strength and resistance to abrasion. It is important to understand the effect of downhole conditions to accurately model rock-cutter-rock interactions, as well as wear on the bit and drilling efficiency. Cutting efficiency is determined through the [...]
Analyzing Seasonal Variations in Air Quality with Google Earth Engine: A Case Study of Chattogram, Bangladesh
Published: 2026-03-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences
Air pollution is a serious environmental challenge in Bangladesh, significantly affecting public health and the ecosystem. This study considers analyzing the seasonal fluctuation of air quality in Chattogram by analyzing 13 significant areas near the industrial zone by using Google Earth Engine (GEE) to explore the SENTINEL-5P satellite data for key pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), [...]
Agent-based Modelling of Microbialite Formation through Sedimentation and Precipitation Dynamics
Published: 2026-04-13
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Other Earth Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Fossil microbialites resulting from the interplay of sedimentation and microbially induced precipitation are among the oldest evidence of life on Earth and help geobiologists interpret many sedimentary environments. However, the factors governing their internal structure and external morphology are still poorly understood. Additionally, abiotic processes can mimic the morphology of some [...]
Seasonal Anomaly Detection in the Halda River Using a Multivariate Deep Learning Framework
Published: 2026-03-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Monitoring river water quality is essential to preserving ecological integrity, especially in ecologically significant rivers like the Halda, which is renowned for its natural freshwater carp spawning. This study presents a deep learning-based approach using a deep autoencoder neural network for unsupervised anomaly detection in water quality data. Two-year time-series data including daily [...]
Evaluating Sampling Bias and Model Uncertainty in Species Distribution Models of Marine Plankton Using Virtual Ecosystem Data
Published: 2026-04-28
Subjects: Life Sciences
Understanding the biodiversity and biogeography of plankton in the ocean is essential for predicting responses to environmental changes and informing ocean conservation and management strategies. Species distribution models (SDMs) are a pivotal tool in this regard. This study used data from a global marine ecosystem model as a testbed to assess the reliability of various SDMs, including [...]
Propagation of the Storegga tsunami in the southeastern North Sea
Published: 2026-09-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Numerical simulations of the 8150 BP Storegga slide event in the Norwegian Sea are necessary for understanding both landslide dynamics and tsunami propagation. Here we focus on the southern North Sea, South East of Dogger Bank, and the shores of Denmark and Germany where there have been reports of Storegga tsunami deposits. We simulate the slide using a recently developed cohesive landslide model [...]
Aerosol Removal and Solar Decline Drive Post-1980 Surface Warming Acceleration
Published: 2026-04-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Standard climate models do not fully reproduce post-1980 surface warming acceleration. Two forcing pathways explain the gap: Western clean air legislation progressively removed industrial sulphate aerosols from 1980 onward, unmasking suppressed greenhouse warming; and the Sun's magnetic output declined secularly after 1980, partially offsetting that unmasking. We quantify both using MERRA-2 [...]
Multi-component Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis for Vs-depth profiling of Glaciers
Published: 2025-06-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Seismic ice velocity estimates provide quantitative constraints on glacial systems, including ice thickness, englacial structure, and bedrock topography. Velocity modeling using active-source seismic is often challenged by sub-optimal surveys due to complex field logistics. This study provides a practical guide for leveraging three-component (3-C) receivers in glacial seismic surveys to [...]
A Photogrammetric Method for Volume Correction of Soil Core Samples
Published: 2026-06-18
Subjects: Forest Sciences
Soil volume is an important reference value that is often determined through standardized sampling cylinders. Methods exist for measuring missing soil volume, but they either modify the sample or are time-consuming. Our new method uses structure-from-motion photogrammetry to create a 2.5D model of the soil-filled sampling cylinders from which the missing volume can be determined. We quantified [...]
High-resolution 14C stratigraphy reveals decadal periodicity in stromatolite lamination
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stromatolites constitute amongst the oldest evidence for life on Earth and preserve laminated records throughout most of geological time. However, the timescales represented by their lamination remain poorly constrained. Here, we report the first high-resolution 14C dating combined with Bayesian age-depth modelling for three Holocene stromatolites from contrasting depositional environments. The [...]